分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks)
鼠鯊目 (Mackerel sharks) >
Alopiidae (Thresher sharks)
狐鮫科 (Thresher sharks)
Etymology: Alopias: From alopex, Greek for fox, referring to the ancient vernacular “fox shark,” from its supposed cunning (ancients believed that when it took a bait, it swallowed the hook until it got to the cord, which it bit off and so escaped) (See ETYFish); pelagicus: Pelagic, (from pelagos, Greek for sea), referring to its “living in the upper layer of the sea,” in contrast to A. profundus [=superciliosus], which Nakamura believed dwelled on the “sea-bottom”) (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 300 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 150 m (Ref. 55167). 熱帶; 40°N - 42°S, 16°E - 70°W (Ref. 54277)
Circumglobal. Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Maldives (Ref. 30829), Somalia, South Africa, Western Australia, China, Taiwan, Japan, New Caledonia, Hawaiian Islands and Tahiti. Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California and the Galapagos. Reliable records lacking partly due to its confusion with Alopias vulpinus.
Circumglobal。 印度-太平洋: 紅海，阿拉伯海，馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 30829) ，索馬利亞，南非，西澳大利亞，中國，台灣，日本，新加勒多尼亞，夏威夷群島與大溪地島。 東太平洋: 加州灣與加拉巴哥島。 缺乏可靠的記錄部分是由於它的與 Alopias vulpinus 混淆.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 287.0, range 260 - 292 cm
Max length : 428 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 106604); 383.0 cm TL (female); common length : 276 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. ); 最大年齡: 29 年 (Ref. 48844)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A small thresher with moderately large eyes, a broadly convex forehead, a very narrow caudal tip, and straight, broad-tipped pectoral fins (Ref. 5578). Upper lobe of caudal fin very long and strap-like, almost equal to length of rest of shark; lower lobe short but strong; terminal lobe very small (Ref. 13570). Dark blue on back and sides, underside white; no white patch over pectoral fin bases (Ref. 5578).
一種小的長尾鮫有普通大的眼，一個明顯地凸出前額，一個非常狹窄的尾部頂端與直又頂端寬的胸鰭。 (參考文獻 5578) 尾鰭上葉非常長而帶狀的, 幾乎等於其他鯊魚的長度; 下葉短但是強的; 端葉非常小的.(參考文獻 13570) 深藍色背面與側邊, 腹面白色的; 沒有在胸鰭基底上的白色斑塊.(參考文獻 5578)
Primarily an oceanic species but sometimes close inshore (Ref. 247, 5578, 58302); neritic to oceanic, 0-152 m (Ref. 11230). Epipelagic (Ref. 58302). Mesopelagic in the tropics; may enter atoll lagoons (Ref. 37816). Stuns its prey with its tail, presumably feeding on small fishes and cephalopods (Ref. 6871). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). Sometimes caught by ski-boat anglers (Ref. 5578). Utilized for human consumption, liver oil for vitamin extraction, hides for leather, and fins for shark-fin soup (Ref. 13570). A very common catch in the tuna and shark longline, and tuna drift net fisheries (Ref.58048). Maximum and common size of males estimated from discussion in Ref. 247. Adult females may reach at least 330 cm TL (Ref. 47613).
主要地一個大洋性魚種但是有時近岸;(參考文獻 247,5578,58302) 淺海的到大洋性的, 0-152 公尺.(參考文獻 11230) 表層帶.(參考文獻 58302) 中層帶在熱帶中; 可能進入環礁潟湖。 (參考文獻 37816) 打昏它的獵物用它的尾部, 可能吃小魚與頭足類動物.(參考文獻 6871) 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃產生於母親的卵黃囊與其他的卵.(參考文獻 50449) 有時被雪橇船垂釣者捕獲.。 (參考文獻 5578) 供人類食用, 肝油用於萃取維他命，皮用做皮革與鰭用於魚翅湯.(參考文獻 13570) 雄性的最大與普遍大小參考文獻 247 估計自討論.。 雌性成魚可能達到至少 330 公分TL 。 (參考文獻 47613)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449, 42326). Usually with at least two young (Ref. 6871). Size at birth about 100 cm (Ref. 6871); 130-160 cm TL (Ref. 58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).Circumglobal。 印度-太平洋: 紅海，阿拉伯海，馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 30829) ，索馬利亞，南非，西澳大利亞，中國，台灣，日本，新加勒多尼亞，夏威夷群島與大溪地島。 東太平洋: 加州灣與加拉巴哥島。 缺乏可靠的記錄部分是由於它的與 Alopias vulpinus 混淆.
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.7 - 28.6, mean 26.7 °C (based on 2246 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=2; tm=7-9; tmax = 29).
Prior r = 0.40, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.60, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12.5 [3.6, 65.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.765 [0.179, 2.248] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.5, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.237 [0.096, 0.582] g/100g; Selenium = 65.4 [16.1, 211.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.66 [3.23, 29.16] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.469 [0.225, 0.893] mg/100g (wet weight);
