分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Hexanchiformes (Frill and cow sharks)
六鰓鯊目 (Frill and cow sharks) >
Hexanchidae (Cow sharks)
六鰓鮫科 (Cow sharks)
Etymology: Heptranchias: hept[a] (Gr.), seven; ranchias, etymology unclear, possibly a variant spelling of anchos (Gr.), gill, possibly with the addition of -ias, borrowed from karkharías, ancient Greek for shark (cf. Carcharias Rafinesque 1810), referring to how the seven gill openings extend down onto the throat (See ETYFish); perlo: From the French vernacular “Le Perlon,” pearl, probably referring to its smooth and grayish (“lisse & grisâtre”) skin (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bonnaterre.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 41394), usually 180 - 450 m (Ref. 45445). 深水域; 58°N - 58°S, 98°W - 173°W
Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas, excluding the northeast Pacific (Ref. 13573). Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba, then from Venezuela to Argentina (Ref. 6871). Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Namibia, including the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 247). Indian Ocean: southwestern India, Aldabra Island, southern Mozambique, and South Africa (Ref. 247). Western Pacific: Japan to China, Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand. Southeast Pacific: off northern Chile (Ref. 247).
沿著赤道與溫帶的海洋環球分佈, 除了東北太平洋.(參考文獻 13573) 西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州與墨西哥灣北部到古巴, 然後從委內瑞拉到阿根廷.(參考文獻 6871) 東大西洋: 摩洛哥到那米比亞, 包括地中海。 印度洋: 印度西南部，亞達伯拉島，莫三比克南部與南非。 西太平洋: 日本到中國，印尼，澳洲與紐西蘭。 東南太平洋: 外海的智利北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 87.7, range 75 - 98 cm
Max length : 137 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 247); 140.0 cm TL (female); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26999)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 脊椎骨: 125 - 161. A narrow-headed, big-eyed small seven-gilled shark (Ref. 247). Body fusiform and slender; dorsal fin small, originating over inner margins of pelvic fins; anal fin small (Ref. 6871). Teeth wide, low and comb-shaped (Ref. 6871). Brownish grey above, paler below, sometimes with indistinct dark blotches on body; juveniles with dark-tipped dorsal and caudal fins, adults with light fin margins (Ref. 5578, 6574, 6871). Live specimens with fluorescent green eyes (Ref. 6871).
一隻頭窄的, 眼睛大的小七條鰓裂的鯊魚.(參考文獻 247) 身體紡錘型與細長的; 背鰭小的, 開始腹鰭的內緣之上; 臀鰭小的.(參考文獻 6871) 齒寬的﹐低的與梳狀的.(參考文獻 6871) 背面灰褐色的﹐腹面灰白的, 在身體上有時有不明顯的黑色斑塊; 稚魚有尖端深色的背鰭與尾鰭鰭, 成魚有淡色的鰭邊緣.(參考文獻 5578,6574,6871) 活體有螢光的綠色眼。 (參考文獻 6871)
Found on the outer continental and insular shelves and upper slopes in depths of 100 to 400 (Ref. 13573, 11230), also inshore and down to 1,000 m (Ref. 6871, 11230). Feeds on small sharks and rays, small bony fish, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, squid, and cuttlefish (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with 9-12 young born per litter (Ref. 247). Very active and aggressive when captured and quick to bite but too small to be very dangerous to people (Ref. 247). Liver utilized as a source of oil. Maximum length may reach 214 cm, but this is uncertain.
棲息於在深度中的大陸棚和島嶼棚外緣與上層斜坡了 100 到 400(參考文獻 13573,11230), 也近海而且向下至 1,000 公尺.(參考文獻 6871,11230) 吃小的鯊魚與魟，小的硬骨魚，蝦，螃蟹，龍蝦，烏賊與墨魚。 (參考文獻 5578) 卵胎生的 (參考文獻 205), 藉由 9- 每胎被出生的 12個幼魚.(參考文獻 247) 非常活躍與侵略性當捕獲與快的咬但是太小而無法非常對人類有危險性.(參考文獻 247) 利用的肝臟作為一個油的來源。 最大的長度可能達到 214 公分，但是這不確定。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Ovoviviparous, number of young 9 to 20 in a litter (Ref. 247). Size at birth about 25 cm (Ref. 6871). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). No apparent seasonality in its reproduction cycle (Ref.58048).沿著赤道與溫帶的海洋環球分佈, 除了東北太平洋.(參考文獻 13573) 西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州與墨西哥灣北部到古巴, 然後從委內瑞拉到阿根廷.(參考文獻 6871) 東大西洋: 摩洛哥到那米比亞, 包括地中海。 印度洋: 印度西南部，亞達伯拉島，莫三比克南部與南非。 西太平洋: 日本到中國，印尼，澳洲與紐西蘭。 東南太平洋: 外海的智利北部。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
近危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.5 - 18.7, mean 12.5 °C (based on 1162 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0781 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00219 (0.00159 - 0.00301), b=3.10 (3.01 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=9).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.22 [1.20, 32.26] mg/100g; Iron = 0.307 [0.073, 1.001] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.237 [0.104, 0.562] g/100g; Selenium = 17.2 [5.4, 50.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.3 [2.3, 49.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.275 [0.132, 0.524] mg/100g (wet weight);
