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Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758

Spined loach
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Image of Cobitis taenia (Spined loach)
Cobitis taenia
Picture by Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver

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Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cobitidae (Spined loaches)
Etymology: Cobitis: Greek, kobitis, -idos = a kind of sardine; also related with the voice Greek, kobios, Latin gobius = gudgeon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - 7.7; dH range: 10 - 15; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 14°C - 18°C (Ref. 1672); 62°N - 36°N, 7°W - 40°E

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Europe and Asia: Atlantic drainages from Loire northward; Baltic basin south of 61°N; upper olga and Ural drainages; northern Black Sea basin (except Danube). Ancient records from Ardour and Garonne drainages in France require confirmation (Ref. 59043).

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 5.3, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 13.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1441); 9.5 cm SL (female); common length : 5.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 59043)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 3; 背的軟條 (總數) : 6 - 8; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 5; 脊椎骨: 40 - 42. Caudal fin with 15-16 rays (Ref. 2196). Single small spot on upper caudal base. Pigmentation (Gambetta's longitudinal zone of pigmentation): zones Z1-Z4 usually well differentiated, extending backward to caudal peduncle; height of blotches of zone Z4 usually less than 2 times in their length; if more than 2 times, then height equal to or greater than horizontal eye diameter. One lamina circularis (Ref. 59043).
尾鰭有 15-16個鰭條。 (參考文獻 2196)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Adults occur in slow-flowing and still waters with fine sandy substrate (Ref. 9696). They occur in the Baltic Sea at salinities of up to 5 ppt (Ref. 59043). Filter sand for food particles (Ref. 36876). Nocturnal, stays hidden under rocks or buried in the sand or mud during the day (Ref. 30578). Oviparous, with distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Spawn in spring; scatters eggs into mats of plant material (Ref. 36876). Eggs are found attached to gravel and weed in shallow, flowing water (Ref. 41678). Larvae hide under vegetation and in debris until beginning of exogenous feeding (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

Start of courtship is observed when both male and female swim excitedly then progresses to a chase done by the male. When movements become synchronised, the male entwines itself around the female's body, squeezing it and causing egg spawning (Ref. 58425). Triploid females can occur; they produce triploid eggs which can develop without fertilization, but need contact with sperm to start development (gynogenesis) (Ref. 36876). Also Ref. 9953.

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Vostradovsky, J., 1973. Freshwater fishes. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, London. 252 p. (Ref. 9696)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 March 2010

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

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漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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網路資源

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00262 - 0.00664), b=3.14 (3.01 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.3   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-2; tmax=8; K=0.29-0.59; Fec=100-1,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).