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इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) > Potamotrygoninae
Etymology: Potamotrygon: Greek, potamos = river + Greek, trygon = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Issue
Authorship of species is credited to Müller & Henle (1841) and not Naterrer (who collected the type specimen) as in Rosa (1985a). A widespread species that may require further subdivision after more study. Studies of its reproductive biology indicate that females attain sexual maturity between 24 and 32 cm DW (males between 20 and 30 cm DW), and may produce from three to 21 embryos per gestation (Achenbach & Achencbach, 1976) or only six or seven (Thorson et al., 1983b; these differences may be populational). Larger specimens may weigh 10 kg. This species has been captively bred in aquaria, but is still the most comercially imported species by the aquarium industry. Additional references: Bertin (1939), Castex & Castello (1970b), Achenbach & Achenbach (1976), Thorson et al. (1983b), Sérét & McEachran (1986), Ortega & Vari (1986), Paepke & Schmidt (1988), Barriga (1991), Compagno & Cook (1995), Lasso et al. (1997a), Ferreira et al. (1998), Britski et al. (1999).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल बेनथोपिलाजिक; pH range: 5.0 - 6.0; dH range: 10 - ?; पोटामोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 24°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060)

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South America: Uruguay, Paraná-Paraguay, Orinoco, and Amazon River basins.

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm WD पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 36687); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 34.2 kg (Ref. 85107)

Found in freshwater rivers. It is an extremely dangerous species. Maximum length reported in Axelrod et al., 1991 (Ref. 6398) is 100 cm TL.

Life cycle and mating behavior परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा

16 pups were born by one female in captivity (Ref. 57489).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक : Carvalho, Marcelo | सहयोगीयो

Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari, 1986. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 01 October 2005

CITES

Appendix III: International trade cooperation

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Traumatogenic (Ref. 4716)

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; आखेट मत्स्य: हां; जलजीवालय: सार्वजनिक लजीवालय

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Generation time: 6.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (Fec=16).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841)