分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 降海洄游 (Ref. 51243). 10°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060); 10°S - 38°S
Oceania: Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 44894); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 44894)
Occur in freshwater streams and brackish shore areas. Inhabit still or gently flowing freshwater streams over rock, mud or gravel, a bottom-dwelling fish. Usually found near aquatic vegetation or woody debris. During rainy periods, may migrate downstream into estuaries, but they normally frequent fresh water. Relatively sedentary species, spending majority of their time stationary on the bottom or among weeds waiting for prey. Breed in fresh water, as juveniles have been collected from the upper reaches of rivers, including impoundments. Both adults and juveniles have venomous dorsal, anal and pelvic spines and therefore should not be handled (Ref. 44894).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 February 2019
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.00780 - 0.04657), b=3.03 (2.82 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).