分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Squaliformes (Sleeper and dogfish sharks)
角鯊目 (Sleeper and dogfish sharks) >
Centrophoridae (Gulper sharks)
刺鯊科 (Gulper sharks)
Etymology: Centrophorus: centr[um] (L.), prickle or sharp point; phorus, from phoreus (Gr.), bearer or carrier, referring to grooved spines on dorsal fins (See ETYFish); granulosus: granum (L.), seed or grain; -osus, Latin suffix connoting fullness, referring to its granular brown skin (See ETYFish).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 98 - 1700 m (Ref. 94782), usually 200 - 600 m (Ref. 247). 深水域; 58°N - 43°S, 98°W - 156°E
Circumglobal: all ocean basins except in the Eastern Pacific and in the Mediterranean.
東大西洋: 法國到南非, 包括地中海.(參考文獻 31367) 中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣北部.(參考文獻 247,6871) 印度洋: 莫三比克, 南非與亞達伯拉島;(參考文獻 31367) 西澳大利亞.(參考文獻 6871) 西太平洋: 日本，巴布亞新幾內亞與澳洲.(參考文獻 31367)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 124 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 94782); 165.0 cm TL (female)
脊椎骨: 106 - 115. This species is distinguished by the following characters: large (>1.5 m maximum total length); body moderately robust; head moderately long (20.6-24.9% TL, 3.9-4.9 times in total length) and very robust; snout relatively short, horizontal preorbital length 4.8-8.1% TL, moderately rounded in dorsal view; first dorsal fin low and long, its height 4.4-6.5% TL, its soft length 11.0-16.6% TL), inner margin very long which is more than length from insertion of exposed spine to fin insertion; second dorsal fin large, similar in heigfree rear tip varying from slightly elongate in small individuals with free rear tip extension 0.9-2.2% TL in individuals < 70.0 cm TL, to moderately elongate in adults, 1.9-4.1% TL; lateral trunk denticles elevated on low, broad pedicel with strongly tricuspidate crowns in juveniles < 70.0 cm TL; denticles of large individuals low, not on pedicels, crown tear-drop shaped with one long posterior cusp; upper teeth of juveniles < 50.0 cm TL are strongly oblique; upper teeth of individuals > 70.0 cm TL with erect to slightly oblique cusps; lower teeth of all sizes are much larger than upper teeth, strongly oblique, blade-like; total vertebral centra 106-115; teeth 30-37/27-32; body uniformly brownish (sometimes greyish to greyish brown), slightly paler ventrally (Ref. 94782).
背部淺灰褐色, 腹側灰白的; 眼呈綠色的.(參考文獻 6871) 成魚有背鰭頂端暗色的, 不有顯著的斑塊.(參考文獻 31367)
A common deepwater dogfish of the outer continental shelves and upper slopes, commonest below 200 m (Ref. 247); usually benthic and epibenthic at depths from 50-1440 m with most records from 200-600 m (Compagno, pers. comm. 07/07). Solitary (Ref. 26340). Adults feed mainly on bony fishes such as hake, epigonids, lanternfish, herring, smelts, cods, rattails, squid and crustaceans (Ref. 247, IUCN workshop 07/07). Males mature at about 105-118 cm TL (Ref. 94782). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). This species is fished in Eastern Atlantic by bottom trawls, long lines, fixed bottom nets, hook and line and pelagic trawls; caught and discarded, or utilised from by-catch fisheries (IUCN discussion 07/07). Marketed smoked and dried salted for human consumption; also processed into fishmeal and a source of liver oil for squalene (Ref. 247).
一種常見的大陸棚外緣與上層斜坡的深水狗鯊, 普通的在 200 公尺之下;(參考文獻 247) 通常底棲與淺海底棲在深度從 50-1440 公尺以大部分來自 200-600 公尺的紀錄 (Compagno ， pers. comm。 07/07). 獨居性.(參考文獻 26340) 主要吃硬骨魚類例如鱈魚， epigonids ，燈籠魚，鯡魚，胡瓜魚，鱈魚，鼠尾魚，烏賊與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 247, IUCN 工作室 07/07) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 在市場上銷售煙燻與乾燥鹽醃供人類消費; 對於 squalene 也加工成魚粉與一個肝油的來源。 (參考文獻 247) 胎窩的數字記錄, 一個在地中海的雌性, 與可能地對於此魚種的 1 或 2。 雄性仍然不成熟在 45-58 公分, 完全在 80-94 公分, 在 60-80 公分 DW 建議成熟; 雌性不成熟的在 42-96 公分，這種被底拖網，延繩釣被捕於東大西洋, 固定的底部網，一支釣與大洋性拖網; 捕捉而且丟棄, 或從誤捕漁場 (IUCN 討論 07/07) 利用。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Young are born from 30 to 42 cm or more (Ref. 247). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 法國到南非, 包括地中海.(參考文獻 31367) 中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣北部.(參考文獻 247,6871) 印度洋: 莫三比克, 南非與亞達伯拉島;(參考文獻 31367) 西澳大利亞.(參考文獻 6871) 西太平洋: 日本，巴布亞新幾內亞與澳洲.(參考文獻 31367)
White, W.T., D.A. Ebert, G.J.P. Naylor, H.-H. Ho, P. Clerkin, A. Veríssimo and C.F. Cotton, 2013. Revision of the genus Centrophorus (Squaliformes: Centrophoridae): Part 1 -Redescription of Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider), a senior synonym of C. acus and C. niaukang Teng. Zootaxa 3752(1):035-072. (Ref. 94782)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.7 - 17.3, mean 11.4 °C (based on 1031 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00200 (0.00159 - 0.00251), b=3.21 (3.14 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 5.65 [1.11, 28.95] mg/100g; Iron = 0.304 [0.071, 0.977] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.6, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.279 [0.102, 0.876] g/100g; Selenium = 19.5 [6.0, 56.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.25 [1.82, 38.80] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.248 [0.118, 0.466] mg/100g (wet weight);
