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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Smith.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas bentopelágico; intervalo de profundidade 1 - ? m. Tropical; 13°S - 28°S
Southeast Atlantic: Angola to South Africa.
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 46.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3198); peso máx. Publicado: 19.3 kg (Ref. 3670); Idade máx. registada: 50 anos (Ref. 37572)
Descrição breve
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 9 - 10; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais moles: 8 - 9.
Found inshore over sandy bottoms. Feeds on sand mussels, worms and crabs. Protandrous (Ref. 4332), but some specimens with both male and female gonads well-developed at the same time (Ref. 3198). Commonly fished between October and March (Ref. 36731). A popular angling fish and an important food fish.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.00790 - 0.02899), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.06-0.09; tm=4.8-9.7; tmax=50).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 50.9 [26.6, 99.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.707 [0.383, 1.290] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.7, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.21 [0.13, 0.35] g/100g; Selenium = 83.4 [37.5, 171.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.4 [6.0, 69.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.72, 1.56] mg/100g (wet weight);
