分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes) >
Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes) > Trematominae
Etymology: Trematomus: Greek, trematos = hole + Greek, tomo = section, cut (Ref. 45335); eulepidotus: eu means true + lepidotus means well scaled (Ref. 11892).
More on author: Regan.
Issue
The genus Pseudotrematomus is a synonym of Trematomus, which is confirmed by a molecular study to be published (J.-C. Hureau, pers. comm. 08 Jun. 2010).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 70 - 650 m (Ref. 26875). 極; 60°S - 78°S
Southern Ocean: continental shelf of Antarctica and nearby islands, including the South Orkney.
南極海: 南極洲與附近的島大陸棚, 包括奧克尼群島南方部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 22.0, range 19 - 26 cm
Max length : 34.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 87549)
背棘 (总数) : 6 - 7; 背的软条 (总数) : 36 - 38; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 34 - 36; 脊椎骨: 54 - 57. Second dorsal-fin rays 0-3 more than anal-fin rays. Preopercular-mandibular canal with 10 pores; infraorbital canal with 6-8 pores; supra-orbital canal with 4 pores; coronal commissure with a single median pore; temporal canal with 5-6 pores; supratemporal canal complete wit 3 pores. Body and head almost entirely scaled, including snout, preorbitals, posterior part of maxilla, lower jaw, isthmus, branchiostegal membranes and proximal parts of branchiostegal rays.
Color: In alcohol, ground color buff, with a chequered pattern formed by staggered dark blotches along the dorsal, lateral and ventral parts of the body; ventral dark blotches may appear as short wavy horizontal dark marks. Snout, occipital region and sometimes interorbital area are dark.
第二背鳍-鳍条 0-3 超过臀鳍棘条。 前鳃盖骨-用 10个孔的颚骨管; 眶下管 6-8个孔; 上眼眶的管有四个孔; 冠合缝处具有一个单一中央的孔; 用 5-6 孔的暂生管; 上颞骨管完成机智 3个孔。 身体与头部几乎完全地覆有鳞片的, 包括吻，眶前骨，颚骨，下颌，峡部的较后面的部分，鳃条骨的鳃盖薄膜与近端部份。
颜色: 当保存在酒精中时, 底色暗黄色, 具有一个由被交错的黑色斑块形成的方格图案沿着身体的背部的，侧面的与腹部份; 腹面黑色斑块可能呈现短的波浪状的水平深色印记。 吻, 枕区与有时眼间骨区域是深色的。
Most common in shallower waters of the continental shelf, especially on banks less than 250 m deep in areas where local upwellings increase food supply (Ref. 6390). Juveniles are found near the surface, often in association with Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) swarms. Feed on salps, nudibranchs, amphipods, copepods, polychaetes, krill, crustaceans, chaetognaths, and fish (Ref. 6390).
大陆架的常见于比较水浅的水域, 尤其在浅堆上在地方涌升流增加食物供应的区域中少于 250 公尺深。 (参考文献 6390) 稚鱼被发现接近水表面, 常见于邻近中南极圈磷虾 ( Euphausia superba) 成群地移动。 捕食被囊动物，裸鳃类动物，片脚类动物，桡脚类的动物，多毛类动物，磷虾，甲壳动物，毛颚类动物与鱼。 (参考文献 6390)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Mature females may spawn for the first time from around 7-9 years of age (Ref. 71843).南極海: 南極洲與附近的島大陸棚, 包括奧克尼群島南方部。
Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): -1.8 - 0.9, mean -0.9 °C (based on 436 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00331 - 0.00725), b=3.26 (3.14 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec = 1,400-12,854).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.8 [16.2, 66.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.498 [0.197, 0.983] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [16.1, 18.2] %; Omega3 = 0.384 [0.215, 0.659] g/100g; Selenium = 15.5 [6.7, 34.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.2 [4.9, 102.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.473 [0.314, 0.718] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
