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> Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) > Tetraodontidae (Puffers) > Tetraodontinae
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina; brackvatten revassocierade; djupintervall 3 - 30 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 37°N - 33°S, 32°E - 168°E

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Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa (including the south coast of South Africa, Ref. 4919) to Indonesia, north to southern Japan.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.5 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 116289); publicerad maxvikt: 775.00 g (Ref. 116289)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 9 - 11; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 9 - 17. Body covered with prickles (Ref. 559). Dark bars on side of head and below pectoral fins; juvenile specimens from the Pacific with longitudinal dark stripes on belly (Ref. 4919).

Inhabits weedy areas, often in estuaries; seagrass beds (Ref. 41878) and mangrove areas in 1-1.5 m. Solitary (Ref. 90102). Specimens caught by trawling over silty bottoms in 17 m. (Ref. 9137).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Oviparous (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : Matsuura, Keiichi | Medarbetare

Randall, J.E., 1985. On the validity of the tetraodontid fish Arothron manilensis (Procé). Jap. J. Ichthyol. 32(3):347-354. (Ref. 5170)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 June 2011

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Poisonous to eat (Ref. 393)

Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.3 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3402 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03236 (0.02033 - 0.05151), b=2.82 (2.69 - 2.95), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.24 se; based on food items.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 45.4 [19.1, 104.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.647 [0.341, 1.401] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.1, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.104 [0.052, 0.201] g/100g; Selenium = 33.7 [16.3, 75.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.6 [9.8, 143.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.44 [0.95, 2.28] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Arothron immaculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)