Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 2 - 300 m (Ref. 28016), usually 10 - 120 m (Ref. 11441). Tropical; 29°N - 5°N, 56°E - 83°E (Ref. 5222)
Indian Ocean: continental shelf of the northern Indian Ocean from the Gulf of Aden to Sri Lanka and Madras, India. Not known from the Persian Gulf nor the Red Sea. Records from the western Pacific are based on misidentifications of Epinephelus stictus or Epinephelus fasciatomaculos.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 39.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais (total) : 15 - 17; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 8.
Occurs over muddy sand or mud substrata and caught in depths of 63 to 100 m off the Kerala coast. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 28.6, mean 27 °C (based on 280 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00941 - 0.01277), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.21-0.86; Fec=4,165).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 97.8 [43.3, 230.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.49, 2.64] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.3, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.127, 0.461] g/100g; Selenium = 88.2 [41.0, 208.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.5 [6.8, 121.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.14 [0.71, 1.89] mg/100g (wet weight);
