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Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) >
Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Ferdinand Stoliczka (1838–1874) was an Austrian palaeontologist and zoologist who was born in Moravia (Czech Republic). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Day.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 5 - 50 m (Ref. 89707). Tropical; 29°N - 10°N, 32°E - 68°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea (including Gulf of Suez) and northwestern Indian Ocean to the coast of Pakistan. Specimens examined include those from the Gulf of Oman. Not reported from the Gulf of Aqaba nor from Persian Gulf.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 89707); common length : 35.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5450)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 16 - 18; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais moles: 8. Body robust, preopercle with moderately enlarged serrae at its angle; upper edge of the operculum almost straight; nostrils subequal or posterior nostril slightly larger. Head and body yellowish gray, with dark orange-red or reddish brown spots except ventrally and posteriorly; dark gray bars running antero-ventrally from the base of the dorsal fin; a dark saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle. Fins generally yellowish brown; median fins with broad yellowish margin posteriorly (Ref. 89707).
Occurs on shallow sandy bottoms near small coral heads; it is not known from well-developed coral reefs (Ref. 5222). Nothing has been published on its biology nor its use in fisheries (Ref. 5222). Sold fresh in local markets (Ref. 5222).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 29.4, mean 27.9 °C (based on 142 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00568 - 0.02430), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.4 [17.0, 70.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.515 [0.282, 1.054] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.0, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.128 [0.082, 0.201] g/100g; Selenium = 30.8 [18.6, 53.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 217 [61, 775] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.39 [0.96, 1.94] mg/100g (wet weight);
