Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 22 - 103 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 39°N - 34°S, 114°E - 155°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Pacific: Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, off eastern Australia (between 25°S-32°S), and off the coast of Western Australia (south of 19°30'S).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 68.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5222)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 18 - 21; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 9 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark brown or violet-black body color, darker fins; oval body, compressed, depth contained 2.4-2.7 times in the standard length; head length 3.0-3.4 times in SL; distinctly convex dorsal head profile; nostrils subequal in juveniles, diameter of posterior nostrils twice that of anterior nostrils in 56 cm SL adults; small mouth, oblique, pair of short canines at front of each premaxilla (Ref. 89707).
An anti-tropical species. Occurs on rocky or soft (silty-sand or mud) bottoms. The young have been observed to feed on zooplankton in the water column; feeding of adults has not yet been discovered.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.9 - 25.7, mean 23.7 °C (based on 53 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00553 - 0.02385), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).