分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Dipturus: Greek, di = two + Greek, pteryx = fin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 70 - 1461 m (Ref. 114953), usually ? - 200 m (Ref. 114953). 深水域; 65°N - 11°N, 19°W - 36°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Atlantic: central Norway to Senegal, including the Faeroes, Skagerrak, Mediterranean, and the Canary and Madeira islands.
東大西洋: 挪威中部到塞內加爾, 包括法羅群島，史卡基拉克海域，地中海 , 與加那利群島與馬得拉群島。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4426)
Found in deeper slope waters (Ref. 4426), but mainly around 200 m (Ref. 3167, Ref. 114953). Found on sand and sand-rock bottoms (Ref. 6808). Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167), mainly cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 114953). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 6808. Become sexually mature at a length of about 120 cm (Ref. 35388); young hatch at ca. 17 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Breeds in spring and early summer (Ref. 114953). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 14.0-23.5 cm long and 11.0-12.0 cm wide (Ref. 41251, 41304).
发现于较深的斜坡水域 (参考文献 4426)了, 但是主要地大约 200 公尺.(参考文献 3167) 栖息于沙子与砂岩底了。 (参考文献 6808) 捕食各种的底部动物。 (参考文献 3167) 最小深度报告取自参考文献 6808. 在大约 120 公分的长度时性成熟了。 (参考文献 35388) 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 14.0-23.5 公分长与 11.0-12.0 公分宽的.(参考文献 41251,41304)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Egg cases laid from spring to early summer (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 挪威中部到塞內加爾, 包括法羅群島，史卡基拉克海域，地中海 , 與加那利群島與馬得拉群島。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.4 - 14.4, mean 10.2 °C (based on 239 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00138 (0.00118 - 0.00161), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming tm>5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 3.09 [0.44, 60.75] mg/100g; Iron = 0.268 [0.026, 3.558] mg/100g; Protein = 15.3 [13.2, 17.3] %; Omega3 = 0.393 [0.162, 0.962] g/100g; Selenium = 20.7 [3.7, 95.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.17 [0.23, 43.29] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.251 [0.017, 3.009] mg/100g (wet weight);
