分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts)
仿石鱸科 (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae
Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 2 - 80 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 35°N - 38°S, 28°E - 172°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea south to Transkei, South Africa and east to Papua New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to western Australia and New South Wales (Ref. 9710).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海南至南非的川斯凱而且東至巴布亞新幾內亞, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲西部與新南威爾斯.(參考文獻 9710)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 34 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2799)
背棘 (總數) : 12 - 13; 背的軟條 (總數) : 19 - 22; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7. This species is distinguished by the following characters: chin with 6 pores, no median pit; gill rakers on first gill arch 11-14 + 1 + 16-19 = 26-34; D XII-XIII (mostly XIII),19-22, 4th or 5th spines longest; lips fleshy, moderately swollen with age; scales ctenoid (rough to touch); lateral line tubed scales about 53-60; body depth 2.5-2.8 in SL; caudal fin slightly rounded in juveniles becoming emarginate in adults. Colour of body bluish grey, juveniles with golden or rusty orange stripes along the body that break into a reticulate pattern and later form small spots that may be lost with age or remain as lines, or lines of spots on head (Ref. 47695, 90102).
在頭側上的金的線; 成魚的身體 (標本 >50 公分) 平原, 在稚魚的身體上的圖案從線變成一個網狀的圖案, 然後在最後消失之前的金斑點.(參考文獻 2799) 稚魚斑紋, 消失的斑紋用年齡與逐漸地變成成魚圖案.(參考文獻 48635)
Inhabits coastal inshore waters near sheltered reefs, lagoons, sandbanks and seagrass areas, solitarily or in groups (Ref. 47695, 90102). Adults usually on silty reefs at moderate depths, or in current channels occasionally inshore; juveniles enter estuaries and harbors (Ref. 48635). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Taken by handline and spear. A common species marketed fresh, a small quantity is salted, good food fish (Ref. 47695). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
棲息於在礁與雜草叢生的區域附近的沿岸水域。 (參考文獻 30573) 成魚通常在淤泥的礁上在深度中等之處, 否則在水流峽道中偶然近海; 稚魚進入河口與港灣。 (參考文獻 48635) 吃小魚與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 5213) 好食用魚,在市場上銷售生鮮地了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).印度-西太平洋: 紅海南至南非的川斯凱而且東至巴布亞新幾內亞, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲西部與新南威爾斯.(參考文獻 9710)
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 April 2023
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22 - 29.1, mean 27.6 °C (based on 2161 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01048 - 0.02881), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.4 [11.1, 57.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.487 [0.256, 0.945] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.7, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.123 [0.066, 0.201] g/100g; Selenium = 29.4 [16.9, 50.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 77.7 [30.5, 197.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.978 [0.674, 1.446] mg/100g (wet weight);
