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Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Xenocyprididae (East Asian minnows)
Etymology: Ctenopharyngodon: Greek, kteis, ktenos = comb + Greek, pharyngx = pharynx + greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335); idella: From the words cteno, meaning comb; pharyngodon, pharyngeal teeth (referring to the corrugate or comb-like cutting surfaces of the pharyngeal teeth); and idella (derived from ideo), meaning distinctive (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
; স্বাদু পানি; ঈষৎ লোনা সমুদতলে ভাসমান বেনথোপেলাজিক; পোটামোড্রোমাস (Ref. 51243); গভীরতার পরিসীমা 0 - 30 m (Ref. 6898). Subtropical; 0°C - 35°C (Ref. 52059); 50°N - 23°N, 100°E - 142°E (Ref. 48)
Asia: Eastern China and Russia (Ref. 48) in eastern Siberia, Amur River system (Ref. 1441). Widely transported around the world (Ref. 7248). Persists only in Europe by stocking (Ref. 59043). Introductions often brought with it the parasitic tapeworm Bothriocephalus opsarichthydis (synonym of B. acheilognathi) (Ref. 12217). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 68.2, range 58 - 79.2 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 30578); common length : 10.7 cm SL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 35840); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 45.0 kg (Ref. 52193); সর্বোচ্চ উলি্ল্লখিত বয়স : 21 বৎসর (Ref. 48)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 0; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 10 - 11; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 0; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 10 - 14. Diagnosis: No barbels; snout very short, its length less than or equal to eye diameter; postorbital length more than half head length (Ref. 4967). 18 soft rays for caudal fin (Ref. 40476). Diagnosed from rather similar species Mylopharyngodon piceus by having the following characters: body olive to brassy green above, silvery white to yellow below; body cylindrical; pharyngeal teeth laterally compressed, serrated, with a groove along grinding surface, usually in two rows, 2,5-4,2 (Ref. 59043).
Adults occur in lakes, ponds, pools and backwaters of large rivers (Ref. 5723), preferring large, slow-flowing or standing water bodies with vegetation (Ref. 52193). Tolerant of a wide range of temperatures from 0° to 38°C, and salinities to as much as 10 ppt and oxygen levels down to 0.5 ppm (Ref. 52193). It feeds on higher aquatic plants and submerged grasses; takes also detritus, insects and other invertebrates. One of the world's most important aquaculture species and also used for weed control in rivers, fish ponds and reservoirs (Ref. 9987). Spawn on riverbeds with very strong current (Ref. 30578). Utilized also fresh and eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9987). Considered as a pest in most countries because of the damages made to submerged vegetation (Ref. 43281).
Spawns in gravel bottomed areas of rivers (Ref. 48). Eggs are pelagic and hatch while drifting downstream in 2-3 days (Ref. 59043).
Shireman, J.V. and C.R. Smith, 1983. Synopsis of biological data on the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1884). FAO Fish. Synop. No.135, 86 p. (Ref. 48)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Potential pest
Human uses
মৎস্য: গৌণ বাণিজ্যিক ; এ্যাকুয়াকালচার (জলজ পালন) : বাণিজ্যিক; শিকারযোগ্য মাছ: হঁ্যা
হাতিয়ার
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