Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; zoet water; brak water benthopelagisch; diepte 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 22°C - 30°C (Ref. 1672); 13°N - 29°S, 32°E - 155°E
Indo-West Pacific: Somalia (Ref. 30573) and Kenya to South Africa, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Also found in the rivers and lagoons of East Africa.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 6800)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 15 - 18; Anale stekels: 4; Anale zachte stralen: 14 - 15.
Common in harbors and estuaries (Ref. 5480); also found in rivers and lagoons. Forms shoals (Ref. 5480). Feeds on detritus and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 30573). Antirolateral glandular groove with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Arnoult, J., 1986. Scatophagidae. p. 341. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6800)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; Aquarium: Commercieel
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 28.6, mean 27 °C (based on 364 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02570 (0.01005 - 0.06572), b=2.96 (2.75 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.25 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).