Classification / Names ຊື່ສາມັນ | ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ | Catalog of Fishes(ຕະກຸນ, ຊະນິດ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກອ່ອນ (ເຊັ່ນ: ປາສະຫລາມ, ປາຜາໄລ) (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).

Issue
Torpedo zugmayeri Engelhardt, 1912 could be a valid species after Weigmann (2016; Ref. 106604) (valid in ECoF, v. Jan. 2021).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

ສັດທະເລ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 1 - 200 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 30°N - 31°S, 30°E - 72°E (Ref. 114953)

ການແຜ່ກະຈາຍ ປະເທດ | ເຂດ FAO | ລະບົບນິເວດ | ການປະກົດຕົວ | Point map | ການແນະນຳ | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Ref. 80050), Red Sea eastward to India (Ref. 2712) and southward to Natal, South Africa (Ref. 5578).

ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 2712)

Short description ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…

Large ray with a small caudal fin and with papillae around the spiracles (Ref. 5578). Bright color pattern of circles and irregular marks, cream or golden on dark red or brown to blackish background dorsally (Ref. 5578).

Found inshore in sandy bottoms, and well offshore from the surf zone down to 200 m (Ref. 5578). Also on or near coral reefs (Ref. 12951, Ref. 114953). Common in shallow sandy areas (Ref. 2712). Feeds on bony fishes (Ref. 12951) and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Males mature by 30 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Occurs singly but may form groups during the breeding season (Ref. 12951). Occasionally hooked by anglers, more often seen by divers; can deliver a strong shock (Ref. 2712). Flesh is edible (Ref. 12484). Can survive for hours after being stranded on the beach (Ref. 41394).

Life cycle and mating behavior ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). With 9-22 in a litter (Ref. 12951). Form aggregations during the reproductive season (Ref. 41394).

Main reference Upload your references | ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ຜູ້ປະສານງານ : Carvalho, Marcelo | ຜູ້ຮ່ວມມື

Compagno, L.J.V., 1986. Torpedinidae. p. 112-113. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2712)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 07 February 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Other (Ref. 2712)

Human uses

ການປະມົງ: ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ

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ຂໍ້ມູນຕື່ມອີກ

Trophic ecology
ລາຍການອາຫານ
ອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ
ການບໍລິໂພກອາຫານ
Food rations
ຜູ້ລ້າ

Ecology
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ

Population dynamics
ຕົວວັດແທກການເຕີບໃຫຍ່
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
ການທົດແທນທີ່
ຄວາມອຸດົມສົມບູນ

Life cycle
ການສືບພັນ
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ
Maturity/Gills rel.
ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ
ການວາງໄຂ່
Spawning aggregations
ໄຂ່
Egg development
ຕົວອ່ອນ
ການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງຕົວອ່ອນ

Distribution
ປະເທດ
ເຂດ FAO
ລະບົບນິເວດ
ການປະກົດຕົວ
ການແນະນຳ
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Anatomy
ເນື້ອທີ່ເຫືອກ
Brain
Otolith

Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
ການບໍລິໂພກອົກຊີເຈນ
ປະເພດການລອຍ
ຄວາມໄວໃນການລອຍ
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)

Genetics
ກຳມະພັນ
Heterozygosity
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ

Human related
Aquaculture systems
ຂໍ້ມູນການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳ
ສາຍພັນ
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
ຊື່ສາມັນ
ຄຳສັບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ
ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ
ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…
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References
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Summary page | ຈຸດໃດໜຶ່ງທີ່ສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນ | ຊື່ສາມັນ | Photos

ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.8 - 28.3, mean 25.5 °C (based on 370 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.00965 - 0.02604), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.

ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref. 120179): ຕຳ່ຫຼາຍ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າຫຼາຍກວ່າ 14 ປີ (Fec=9-22).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Torpedo sinuspersici Olfers, 1831