Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ບໍ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 4 - 30 m (Ref. 5227). Tropical; 28°N -
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.6 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 5592); common length : 15.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 55763)
Diurnal grazer on sessile invertebrates and algae but specializes to a larger extent on sponges. Also feeds on plankton. Reproduction occurs in late summer. Females are more territorial and form pair bonds with the males. Oviparous (Ref. 240), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Sometimes forms mixed aggregations with Pomacanthus zonipectus (Ref. 9333). Cleaning behavior has been observed in juveniles.
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Spawn daily throughout the lunar cycle (Ref. 240). Protogyny has been proposed for this species awaiting confirmation (Ref. 103751). Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884).
Thomson, D.A., 1987. Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຕູ້ປາ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ
ເຄື່ອງມື
Special reports
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 29.1, mean 27 °C (based on 211 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02951 (0.01493 - 0.05834), b=2.92 (2.75 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 2.6 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຕຳ່, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 4.5 - 14 ປີ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.8 [22.2, 76.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.524 [0.313, 0.874] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0876 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 30.6 [16.1, 58.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 65 [15, 248] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.4 [1.0, 2.0] mg/100g (wet weight);
