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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Gempylidae (Snake mackerels)
Etymology: Paradiplospinus: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, diploos = double + Latin, spina, pinna = thron (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Andriashev.
Issue
Validity of species questionnable for some authors, but no recent publications.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مياه عميقة; نطاق العمق 0 - 2830 m (Ref. 6181). Deep-water; 31°S - 79°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6181)
Southern Ocean: circumpolar. In the belief that there was only a single species of Paradiplospinus, many authors used the name Paradiplospinus gracilis as including Paradiplospinus antarcticus.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 52.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 6181); common length : 35.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 6181)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 36 - 39; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 24 - 34; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 25 - 31; فقرات: 64 - 67. Body is extremely elongate. Mouth with fang-like teeth, 3-6 fangs anteriorly in upper jaw and 1 fang on each side of the lower jaw. Pyloric caeca 6. Color is silvery white without any conspicuous marks except 40 - 50 narrow longitudinal lines of pale melanophores; the dorsal-fin base, opercular region and caudal-fin origin dark brownish.
Adults and subadults epipelagic to mesopelagic, or mesobenthopelagic at shelves and slopes from surface to 830 m (temp. 0° to 4°C). Larvae and juveniles, probably mesopelagic to bathypelagic, down to 2,830 m depth (Ref. 5084). Feeds on krill, squid and fishes (predominantly myctophids). Larval and juvenile specimens mostly obtained between southern land masses and the Antarctic continent.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير ذات اهمية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.8 - 7.8, mean 3.5 °C (based on 694 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00163 - 0.00807), b=3.10 (2.91 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).