分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
白眼鮫目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin (See ETYFish); sorrah: Tamil (Indian subcontinent) word for shark [authorship often attributed to Müller & Henle, who published Valenciennes’ description] (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 140 m (Ref. 30573), usually 1 - 73 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 31°N - 31°S
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Red Sea and East Africa (including Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles) to the Philippines, north to China, south to Australia. Also from Vanikolo Island (Santa Cruz Islands) and the Solomon Islands. Possibly occurring in the Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Sri Lanka (Ref. 9997).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海與東非 (包括馬達加斯加，模里西斯與塞錫爾群島) 到菲律賓,北至中國, 南至澳洲。 也從 Vanikolo 島 (聖克魯斯群島) 與索羅門群島。 可能出現在亞丁灣，阿曼灣與斯里蘭卡。 (參考文獻 9997)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 130.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 160 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2334); 最大体重: 28.0 kg (Ref. 6390); 最大年龄: 8 年 (Ref. 6390)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A small, spindle-shaped shark with a long, rounded snout, large circular eyes, and oblique-cusped serrated teeth; 2nd dorsal fin very low; interdorsal ridge present (Ref. 5578). 2nd dorsal, pectorals and lower caudal lobe with dark tips; 1st dorsal with thin but conspicuous dark tip; pelvic fins and upper caudal lobe plain (Ref. 5485). Grey or grey-brown above, white below with a golden-brown sheen on the area between eyes and gill slits (in fresh specimens); pectorals, second dorsal, and lower caudal fin lobe with conspicuous black tips, first dorsal and upper caudal fin lobe with black edging (Ref. 9997). A dark band on flank extending rearwards to pelvic fins (Ref. 9997).
一种小的, 纺锤形的鲨鱼有一个长的, 圆形的吻又大而圆形的眼，与斜尖的锯齿状的齿; 第二背鳍鳍非常低的; 间背脊呈现。 (参考文献 5578) 用深色的末端第二背鳍, 胸鳍与下尾部的叶; 第一背鳍有细的但是显着的深色末端; 腹鳍与上尾部的叶平原.(参考文献 5485) 背面灰色的或灰褐色, 腹面白色的在眼与鳃缝之间的区域上具有一个金褐色光辉;(在新鲜的标本中) 胸鳍，第二背鳍与下尾部的鳍叶有明显的黑色顶端, 第一背鳍而且上尾鳍叶有黑边.(参考文献 9997) 向后延伸到腹鳍的在侧面上的一个深色条纹.(参考文献 9997)
Found on the continental and insular shelves, primarily near reefs (Ref. 244). Sometimes in offshore waters (Ref. 30573). Live near the seabed during the day and near the surface at night (Ref. 6390). Feeds on bony fishes (Ref. 68964). Shark movements often short (50 km) but may be more than 1,000 km (Ref. 6390). Prefers teleost fishes but also feeds on cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 6871). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Regularly caught by local artisanal and small-scale commercial fisheries where it occurs (Ref. 244). Utilized as a food fish; fins used in the oriental shark fin trade, liver for vitamin oil, and offal for fishmeal (Ref. 9997).
栖息于大陆架与岛屿棚了, 主要地在礁的附近.(参考文献 244) 有时在离岸水域.(参考文献 30573) 生活在海底的附近在白天期间与晚上接近水表面处.(参考文献 6390) 鲨鱼运动时常短的 (50 公里) 但是可能是超过 1,000 公里.(参考文献 6390) 偏爱硬骨鱼也吃头足类动物与甲壳动物.(参考文献 6871) 胎生的.(参考文献 50449) 经常地被地方鱼民与小规模商业的渔场捕获了在哪里它出现.(参考文献 244) 作为食用鱼; 鳍被用于东方的鲨鱼鳍贸易，肝脏用于维他命油与碎肉用于鱼粉了。 (参考文献 9997)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Viviparous, with a yolk-sac placenta (Ref. 244). Pups, average 3, range 1-8, are produced in January after a 10-month gestation period. Average length at birth is 50 cm TL. Length increases by about 25 cm during the first year. These sharks breed once each year (Ref. 13440). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).印度-西太平洋: 紅海與東非 (包括馬達加斯加，模里西斯與塞錫爾群島) 到菲律賓,北至中國, 南至澳洲。 也從 Vanikolo 島 (聖克魯斯群島) 與索羅門群島。 可能出現在亞丁灣，阿曼灣與斯里蘭卡。 (參考文獻 9997)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
临近濒危 (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 29 October 2020
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 2844 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00347 (0.00199 - 0.00604), b=3.16 (3.02 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.34; tm=2-3; tmax=8; Fec=3).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.62 [1.61, 44.76] mg/100g; Iron = 0.433 [0.105, 1.215] mg/100g; Protein = 22.5 [19.7, 24.7] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.051, 0.297] g/100g; Selenium = 32.8 [8.5, 90.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44.4 [14.6, 133.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.637 [0.305, 1.261] mg/100g (wet weight);
