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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Pagellus: Diminutive of Latin, pager, derived from Greek, pagros = a fish, Dentex sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; تغييرات عمق ? - 300 m (Ref. 4781), usually 20 - 100 m (Ref. 4781). Subtropical; 63°N - 10°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway and the Mediterranean to Guinea-Bissau (Ref. 26999), including Cape Verde, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Rarely recorded in Scandinavia (Ref. 4781).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 14.2, range 13 - 16 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 4781); common length : 25.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 4781); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 3.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 12; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 10 - 11; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8 - 9. Body red without stripes or bars. Snout at least twice as long as the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).
Found on inshore waters, on various bottom (rock, gravel, sand and mud) to 200 m (Mediterranean) or 300 m (Atlantic) and move to deeper waters during winter. Omnivorous, but feed mainly on benthic invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 3688). Protogynic hermaphrodites, females become males first in their third year with sizes of about 17 cm. Important food fish.
Possibly two spawning periods in the southern Mediterranean (Ref. 4781). Length at which sex change possibly occurs is between 12.8 and 20.3 cm FL (Ref. 57849).
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.2 - 21, mean 17.2 °C (based on 492 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00902 - 0.01109), b=3.02 (3.00 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 (5.4 - 7.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 18
growth studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.24; tm=1-2; tmax=13; Fec=31,000).
Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 8 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 101 [50, 194] mg/100g; Iron = 0.546 [0.317, 0.919] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.384 [0.256, 0.577] g/100g; Selenium = 88.3 [41.4, 196.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.36 [2.06, 37.61] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.449 [0.331, 0.672] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
