Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 50 - 500 m (Ref. 26999), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 26999). Subtropical; 45°N - 35°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Uruguay. Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola (Ref. 5512).
Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm 10.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 7251); common length : 23.0 cm FL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 47377)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 12; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 13 - 16; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 15.
Occurs chiefly on the continental shelf, mostly on muddy bottoms (Ref. 2683). Juveniles occur in surface waters. Feeds mainly on small crustaceans. Forms large schools (Ref. 36543). Adults are demersal or bathypelagic (Ref. 47377).
Oviparous, gonochorous, with pelagic eggs (Ref. 101194).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ເປັນການຄ້າໜ້ອຍ
ເຄື່ອງມື
Special reports
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13 - 23.8, mean 19 °C (based on 119 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00982 - 0.01940), b=2.93 (2.84 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ສູງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງໜ້ອຍກວ່າ 15 ເດືອນ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 116 [65, 221] mg/100g; Iron = 1.35 [0.82, 2.33] mg/100g; Protein = 20.8 [18.8, 22.5] %; Omega3 = 0.484 [0.301, 0.780] g/100g; Selenium = 39.2 [19.5, 72.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.17 [3.11, 27.94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.738 [0.524, 1.075] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.