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Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) >
Monacanthidae (Filefishes)
Etymology: Aluterus: Name from Greek meaning not free or detached, referring to the pelvis that does not form a spiny project (as it does in triggerfish) (R. Chandler, pers. Comm. 10/2014)..
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 3 - 900 m (Ref. 3592), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 3592). Subtropical; 46°N - 27°S, 97°W - 13°E
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia (Canada), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Cape Blanc, Mauritania to Angola (Ref. 3592).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 26340); common length : 40.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3592)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 2; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 32 - 39; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 35 - 41. Pelvic terminus always absent; head and body with numerous small round orange or orange-yellow spots; lips often blackish (Ref. 13442).
Usually found over bottoms with seagrass, sand, or mud (Ref. 3790). Juveniles are associated with floating Sargassum. Solitary or in pairs (Ref. 9710). Feeds on a variety of plants, including algae and seagrasses (Ref. 3790). Generally considered as trash fish, rarely consumed (Ref. 3790). Traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. and J.-C. Quéro, 1990. Monacanthidae. p. 1061-1066. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3592)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
خطر للأنسان
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: مصائد تستهلك محلينا; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20 - 28, mean 25.6 °C (based on 842 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00943 - 0.04220), b=2.93 (2.75 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.4 [5.5, 43.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.54 [0.24, 1.41] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [15.9, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.065, 0.358] g/100g; Selenium = 37 [14, 102] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.1 [3.6, 108.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.785 [0.452, 1.359] mg/100g (wet weight);
