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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Shaw.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Mức độ sâu 0 - 30 m (Ref. 9626), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 33°N - 19°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 18.5, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 26340); common length : 25.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 3798); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 750.00 g (Ref. 5217); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 12 các năm (Ref. 72479)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 12; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 16 - 17; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 3; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 9. Head and body yellow with narrow blue stripes continuing along length of body; stripe under eye with distinctive arch. Spiny dorsal fin yellow; soft dorsal and caudal fins blackish; anal fin dusky yellow (Ref. 26938). Scale rows below lateral line slightly oblique, yellow with blue stripes (Ref. 13442).
Found in small groups over coral and rocky reefs and drop-offs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are abundant in Thalassia beds (Ref. 5217). Feeds on crustaceans, bivalves, and occasionally on small fishes. Marketed fresh.
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978. Pomadasyidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3798)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Human uses
Các nghề cá: buôn bán nhỏ; Bể nuôi cá: Bể cá công cộng
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 280 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01184 - 0.01849), b=2.99 (2.95 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (K=0.22-0.30; tm=2; Fec=47,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.7 [8.7, 58.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.564 [0.281, 1.061] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [18.2, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.192 [0.095, 0.353] g/100g; Selenium = 13.8 [6.9, 27.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44.2 [16.5, 127.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.756 [0.485, 1.219] mg/100g (wet weight);