分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Bairdiella: From Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823-1887) American naturalist and vertebrate zoologist leading authority in birds and mammals (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的. 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 21°N
Western Atlantic: New York to southern Florida in USA, and eastern and northern Gulf of Mexico to northern Mexico.
西大西洋: 紐約到美國佛羅里達南部 , 與東方與墨西哥灣北部到墨西哥北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 9.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702)
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 19 - 23; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 10. Colour silvery, greenish, or bluish above, bright silvery to yellowish on belly. Lower fins mostly yellowish to dusky. Mouth terminal, moderately large and oblique. Chin without barbel but with 6 mental pores (median pair often set in a pit). Preopercle with few spines at angle. Anal second spine sharp, more than 2/3 length of first soft ray. Gas bladder with 2 chambers. Anterior chamber yoke-shaped without appendages, posterior chamber simple, carrot-shaped. Lapillus enlarged, about 1/2 the size of sagitta (Ref 51721).
顏色銀色的﹐呈綠色的﹐或藍色的上方, 明亮的銀色到淡黃色的在腹面上。 低的鰭大部份淡黃色到暗色的。 口端位, 普通大的且斜。 沒有觸鬚的下巴但是有 6個神經孔。 (中動脈時常配對在一個凹洞設定) 前鰓蓋骨有少數棘在突出部位上。 肛門的第二根棘銳利的, 第一個軟的鰭條的超過 2/3 長度。 氣鰾有兩個腔室。 前面的腔室軛-形狀的沒有附肢，後室單一的, 胡蘿蔔-形狀的。 微石增大了, 大約 1/2 矢耳石 (參考文獻 51721) 的大小.
Found in coastal waters over sandy and muddy bottoms. Moves to the nursery and feeding areas in estuaries during summer months and sometimes enters freshwaters. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, worms and occasionally fishes. Mostly used as bait.
發現於在沙泥底上的沿岸水域了。 移動到在河口的育幼與進食區域在夏天數個月期間而且有時進入淡水。 主要吃甲殼動物，蠕蟲與偶然地魚。 大部份當作魚餌使用了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 紐約到美國佛羅里達南部 , 與東方與墨西哥灣北部到墨西哥北部。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00790 - 0.00960), b=3.08 (3.05 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm<1; tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 156 [86, 374] mg/100g; Iron = 1.76 [0.89, 3.34] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.4, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.345 [0.185, 0.618] g/100g; Selenium = 27.3 [13.4, 58.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [3.4, 41.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.73, 1.66] mg/100g (wet weight);
