分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Bairdiella: From Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823-1887) American naturalist and vertebrate zoologist leading authority in birds and mammals (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的. 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 21°N
Western Atlantic: New York to southern Florida in USA, and eastern and northern Gulf of Mexico to northern Mexico.
西大西洋: 紐約到美國佛羅里達南部 , 與東方與墨西哥灣北部到墨西哥北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 9.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702)
背棘 (总数) : 10 - 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 19 - 23; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10. Colour silvery, greenish, or bluish above, bright silvery to yellowish on belly. Lower fins mostly yellowish to dusky. Mouth terminal, moderately large and oblique. Chin without barbel but with 6 mental pores (median pair often set in a pit). Preopercle with few spines at angle. Anal second spine sharp, more than 2/3 length of first soft ray. Gas bladder with 2 chambers. Anterior chamber yoke-shaped without appendages, posterior chamber simple, carrot-shaped. Lapillus enlarged, about 1/2 the size of sagitta (Ref 51721).
颜色银色的﹐呈绿色的﹐或蓝色的上方, 明亮的银色到淡黄色的在腹面上。 低的鳍大部份淡黄色到暗色的。 口端位, 普通大的且斜。 没有触须的下巴但是有 6个神经孔。 (中动脉时常配对竖立在一个凹洞) 前鳃盖骨有少数棘在突出部位上。 肛门的第二根棘锐利的, 第一个软的鳍条的超过 2/3 长度。 气鳔有两个腔室。 前面的腔室轭-形状的没有附肢，后室单一的, 胡萝卜-形状的。 微石增大了, 大约 1/2 矢耳石 (参考文献 51721) 的大小.
Found in coastal waters over sandy and muddy bottoms. Moves to the nursery and feeding areas in estuaries during summer months and sometimes enters freshwaters. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, worms and occasionally fishes. Mostly used as bait.
发现于在沙泥底上的沿岸水域了。 移动到在河口的育幼与进食区域在夏天数个月期间而且有时进入淡水。 主要吃甲壳动物，蠕虫与偶然地鱼。 大部份当作鱼饵使用了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 紐約到美國佛羅里達南部 , 與東方與墨西哥灣北部到墨西哥北部。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00790 - 0.00960), b=3.08 (3.05 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (tm<1; tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 156 [86, 374] mg/100g; Iron = 1.76 [0.89, 3.34] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.4, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.345 [0.185, 0.618] g/100g; Selenium = 27.3 [13.4, 58.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [3.4, 41.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.73, 1.66] mg/100g (wet weight);
