Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Tầng nổi biển sâu; không di cư; Mức độ sâu 700 - 3000 m (Ref. 4463), usually 2000 - ? m (Ref. 117245). Deep-water; 66°N - 62°S, 180°W - 180°E
Eastern Atlantic: scattered records from 65°30'N, 30°30'W (Ref. 4769) to Namibia; also off Cape Point, South Africa (Ref. 3991). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Western Central Atlantic: between 20°N and 5°S. Austral Atlantic and Pacific: between 30° to 35°S.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 4769); 20.0 cm SL (female)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 11 - 15; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 0; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 22 - 26. Black in color (Ref. 3991). Few enlarged teeth on the roof of the mouth. Fewer anal rays and more gill rakers. Body compressed and photophores extremely small (Ref. 37473).
Bathypelagic (Ref. 58426). There is marked stratification of size with depth and no diel vertical migrations (Ref. 4769). Initial photophore develops at about 1.1 cm SL (Ref. 4769). Feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 58426).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Sex reversal at about 5-10 cm SL (Ref. 4769). Some males become super males, apparently not undergoing sex reversal and are principal spawners (Ref. 4769). Females spawn at about 11 cm SL (Ref. 4769). Males macrosmatic, females microsmatic (Ref. 4769).
Badcock, J., 1984. Gonostomatidae. p. 284-301. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 1. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4769)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: không ích lợi (thú vị)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2.9 - 4.8, mean 3.7 °C (based on 1424 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00172 - 0.00881), b=2.99 (2.79 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.9 [6.1, 114.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.387 [0.110, 1.268] mg/100g; Protein = 2.65 [0.00, 6.57] %; Omega3 = 0.197 [0.057, 0.678] g/100g; Selenium = 10.5 [3.1, 44.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44.9 [5.2, 373.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.694 [0.309, 1.728] mg/100g (wet weight);