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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Franz Steindachner (1834–1919) was an Austrian zoologist who specialised in herpetology and ichthyology. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin; eau douce; saumâtre démersal; profondeur 1 - 10 m (Ref. 3702). Tropical; 11°N - 9°S, 46°W - 62°W
Western Atlantic: Guyana to northern Brazil.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 9626); common length : 45.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3702)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 11; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 21 - 24; Épines anales: 2; Rayons mous anaux: 10 - 12. Colour greyish above, whitish below. Dorsal fin dusky, upper margin of pectoral fins orange, pelvic fins and anal fin pale, caudal fin grey with a dark margin. Inside of mouth orange. Mouth large, distinctly oblique, lower jaw projecting. Tip of upper jaw without enlarged canines. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with only 2 marginal pores. Pectoral fins much shorter than pelvic fins. Gas bladder with a pair of medium-sized, nearly straight, horn-like anterior appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin almost entirely covered with small scales (Ref 51721).
Mostly in brackish water swamps along the coasts; also entering freshwaters (Ref. 3702). Feeds on fish, shrimps and sometimes plants (Ref. 35237). Spawning takes place in the open sea. Important food fish (Ref. 3702).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial; Aquaculture: expérimental
Outils
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.7 - 28.4, mean 27.7 °C (based on 103 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00386 - 0.01791), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 79.6 [48.9, 162.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.858 [0.433, 1.558] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.8, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.082, 0.271] g/100g; Selenium = 44.7 [24.9, 91.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.5 [4.7, 33.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.84, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);
