Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin démersal. Tropical

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the China seas. Possibly in Thailand (Ref. 9918). Reported from India (Ref. 45255).

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: L_m 57.0, range 55 - 59 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 637)

Inhabits sandy or muddy bottom in shallow waters (Ref. 11230). Feeds on benthic animals. Spines covered with skin with poisonous glands. Ovoviviparous. Used as 'kamaboko' material (Ref. 637). Caught often by demersal trawl, trammel and gillnet fisheries, and occasionally using tangle nets.Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref.58048).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Gives birth to ~3 pups; born between 20-22 cm WD (Ref.58048).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur : McEachran, John | Collaborateurs

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Vulnérable, voir Liste Rouge IUCN (VU) (A2d); Date assessed: 29 August 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

Venomous (Ref. 637)

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries:

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

Plus d'informations

Trophic ecology
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Composition du régime alimentaire
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Ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 17.9 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1500 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00351 - 0.01718), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.61 se; based on food items.

Résilience (Ref. 120179): Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (Fec assumed to be <10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).

Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)