Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchi (squali e razze) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marino demersale. Tropical

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the China seas. Possibly in Thailand (Ref. 9918). Reported from India (Ref. 45255).

Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m 57.0, range 55 - 59 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 637)

Inhabits sandy or muddy bottom in shallow waters (Ref. 11230). Feeds on benthic animals. Spines covered with skin with poisonous glands. Ovoviviparous. Used as 'kamaboko' material (Ref. 637). Caught often by demersal trawl, trammel and gillnet fisheries, and occasionally using tangle nets.Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref.58048).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Gives birth to ~3 pups; born between 20-22 cm WD (Ref.58048).

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore : McEachran, John | Collaboratori

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Vulnerabile, vedi Lista Rossa IUCN (VU) (A2d); Date assessed: 29 August 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 637)

Human uses

Pesca:

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

Informazioni ulteriori

Trophic ecology
Prede
Alimentazione
Consumo di cibo
Food rations
Predatori

Ecology
Ecologia

Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamento
Abbondanza

Life cycle
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Deposizione
Spawning aggregations
Uova
Egg development
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali

Distribution
Stati
Aree FAO
Ecosystems
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Anatomy
Area branchiale
Brain
Otolith

Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
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Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetica
Heterozygosity
Ereditarietà

Human related
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Profili di acquacoltura
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
Nomi Comuni
Sinonimi
Morfologia
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References
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Summary page | Point data | Nomi Comuni | Photos

Fonti Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 17.9 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1500 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00351 - 0.01718), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.61 se; based on food items.

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Molto basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione più di 14 anni (Fec assumed to be <10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)