分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Harengula: Old English haring, hering = mackerel, the fish Clupea harengus (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Poey.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 ? - 22 m (Ref. 26912), usually 1 - 5 m (Ref. 40849). 熱帶; 43°N - 37°S, 99°W - 33°W (Ref. 188)
Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA and Bermuda southward to Florida (USA), Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, and southern Brazil. Often confused with Harengula clupeola with which it co-occurs over most of its range.
西大西洋: 美國的紐澤西與百慕達群島向南至佛羅里達 (美國) ，墨西哥灣，加勒比海與巴西南部。 時常與 似鯡青鱗魚〔Harengula clupeola〕 互相混淆它共同生存在大部分的它分佈範圍之上。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 8.1, range 8 - 8.5 cm
Max length : 21.2 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 12.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大年齡: 3.00 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 21; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 12 - 23. Tooth plate on tongue and tooth plate behind it (basihyal and basibranchial tooth plates) very broad, their width about 3 to 5 times in their combined length, the basihyal tooth plate with a very distinct bulge in front (Ref. 188). Scales fairly strongly attached, not easily lost (Ref. 188). No dark pigment on dorsal fin tip (Ref. 188). No orange or red spot at opercle. Belly deep, lower profile decidedly more curved than the flattened upper profile (Ref. 7251).
在它 (基舌骨與基鰓骨齒板) 後面的舌與齒碟上的齒碟非常寬的, 他們的寬度大約 3 到 5 倍他們的組合長度, 基舌骨齒碟在前面中具有一個非常明顯的凸起.(參考文獻 188) 鱗片相當強烈地附上了, 不是容易失去.(參考文獻 188) 沒有深色的在背鰭頂端上.(參考文獻 188) 在鰓蓋的沒有橘色或紅色的斑點。 腹面深又低的輪廓無疑地更彎曲的超過平的上面輪廓.(參考文獻 7251)
Occurs in coastal waters, over mud sand bottoms and frequently near brackish or hyper-saline estuaries (Ref. 5217). Forms schools. Marketed fresh or canned.
出現於沿岸水域, 在泥砂質底部之上與時常在半鹹淡水或高鹽度的河口附近.(參考文獻 5217) 形成魚群。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了或罐裝的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Juveniles of 2.9 to 4.4 cm SL appeared in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, in May and migrated out in December or March at 7.5 to 8.0 cm. 西大西洋: 美國的紐澤西與百慕達群島向南至佛羅里達 (美國) ，墨西哥灣，加勒比海與巴西南部。 時常與 似鯡青鱗魚〔Harengula clupeola〕 互相混淆它共同生存在大部分的它分佈範圍之上。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 October 2018
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 28.1, mean 27.1 °C (based on 872 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00758 - 0.01001), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.48-0.60; tmax=3; Fec=5,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 86.2 [44.5, 151.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.898 [0.473, 1.548] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.2, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.231 [0.131, 0.402] g/100g; Selenium = 25.5 [13.4, 49.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 123 [40, 348] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.56 [1.06, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);
