Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; غير مهاجرة. Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: Bombay, India to Singapore, Gulf of Thailand, North Borneo, Indonesia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 48635); common length : 15.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9790)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 8 - 9; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 10 - 12; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 11 - 13. Row of papillae, often 7-9, on upper surface of eye, middle one elongate. Base of lower opercular spine concealed by scales. Anterior 2-21 lateral line scales bearing a small spine. Iris lappet crenate.
Ranges from muddy substrates in estuaries to deep offshore (Ref. 48635). Probably associated with aquatic vegetation at shallow depths (Ref. 9790).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Knapp, L.W., 1999. Platycephalidae. Flatheads. p. 2385-2421. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9790)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير ذات اهمية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.1 - 29.1, mean 28.4 °C (based on 1388 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00230 - 0.00908), b=3.09 (2.91 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
