分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 非遷移的. 熱帶
Indo-West Pacific: Bombay, India to Singapore, Gulf of Thailand, North Borneo, Indonesia.
印度-西太平洋: 孟買，印度到新加坡，泰國灣, 北方的印尼婆羅洲。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 48635); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9790)
背棘 (總數) : 8 - 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10 - 12; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 13. Row of papillae, often 7-9, on upper surface of eye, middle one elongate. Base of lower opercular spine concealed by scales. Anterior 2-21 lateral line scales bearing a small spine. Iris lappet crenate.
乳突的列, 時常 7-9, 在眼的上表皮上, 中央一個延長。 低鰓蓋棘的基底被鱗片遮蔽了。 前面的 2-21 側線鱗片生長著一根小的棘。 虹膜垂部圓鋸齒狀的。
Ranges from muddy substrates in estuaries to deep offshore (Ref. 48635). Probably associated with aquatic vegetation at shallow depths (Ref. 9790).
在河口到外海深處中分佈自泥質底部。 (參考文獻 48635) 可能在深度淺的地方伴隨著水生植物了。 (參考文獻 9790)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 孟買，印度到新加坡，泰國灣, 北方的印尼婆羅洲。
Knapp, L.W., 1999. Platycephalidae. Flatheads. p. 2385-2421. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9790)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 June 2017
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.1 - 29.1, mean 28.4 °C (based on 1388 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00230 - 0.00908), b=3.09 (2.91 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
