分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Eponymy: Rev Dr Christoph Samuel John (1747–1813) was a botanist and herpetologist and a medical missionary (1771–1813) at the Danish trading station of Tranquebar (now Tharangambadi), Tamil Nadu, not far from Madras (Chennai). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 深度上下限 0 - 132 m (Ref. 57178). 熱帶; 30°N - 36°S, 32°E - 155°E (Ref. 56999)
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf eastward to southern China and Taiwan and northern and northeastern Australia and New Guinea.
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣向東至中國南部與台灣與北部與澳洲東北方與新幾內亞。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 15.9 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 34.8 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55968); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9772)
背棘 (总数) : 10 - 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 27 - 32; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 8. Snout rounded but not swollen or projecting; mouth large, oblique; upper jaw extending backward below posterior half of eye; no barbel on chin; teeth in narrow bands, well differentiated into large and small in both jaws, but none canine-like; gill rakers slender, about half length of gill filaments at angle of arch, 9 to 15 on lower limb. Second anal spine moderately long, 24 to 42 % of head length. Scales on head cycloid (smooth). Swim bladder hammer-shaped, the first pair of arborescent appendages entering head beyond transverse septum and sending a palmate branch to the front of pectoral arch. Sagitta (large earstone) with a tadpole-shaped impression, the head of which has its long axis lying obliquely to that of sagitta and the tail expanded and deepened as a hallow cone connected with the head by narrow groove.
吻圆的但是不是肿大或突出; 嘴大的, 斜的; 上颌在眼的后半段之下向后地延伸; 没有在下巴上的触须; 在狭带状中的齿, 很好地分化成大而小的双颚内, 但是没有像犬齿一样的; 鳃耙鳃丝的细长又大约一半长度在突出部位上弓,9 到 15 在下肢上。 第二臀鳍棘中等长度的,24 到 42% 头长。 在头部上的鳞片圆形的.(平滑的) 泳鳔锤型, 进入头部超过横跨的隔壁和送胸弓的手掌形分支到前面的树枝状附肢的第一对。 矢耳石 (大的 earstone) 具有一个蝌蚪-形状的印象, 头那一个有它的矢耳石与尾部斜向到那的长轴扩大而且加深作为一个与狭窄凹槽的头部相连的圣锥体。
Inhabits shallow coastal waters, estuaries, and rivers. In India, matures at the size of 14 to 16 cm TL; attains an average size of 15.8 cm TL, 20.6 cm TL, and 24 cm TL, at the end of 1 year, 1.5 years and 2 years, respectively. Juveniles prefer crustaceans and as they grow , show piscivorous tendency (Ref. 9772). Marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 3490).
栖息于沿岸浅水区，河口与河。 在印度, 在 14 到 16 公分TL 的大小时成熟; 达到一个 15.8 公分TL ， 20.6 公分TL 与 24 公分TL 的平均大小, 在 1 底年,1.5 年与 2 年, 分别地。 稚鱼偏爱甲壳动物与当他们生长 , 以鱼为食的趋向显示.(参考文献 9772) 在市场上销售生鲜或乾渍了。 (参考文献 3490)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣向東至中國南部與台灣與北部與澳洲東北方與新幾內亞。
Sasaki, K., 2001. Sciaenidae. Croakers (drums). p.3117-3174. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380. (Ref. 9772)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
工具
特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 2424 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00326 - 0.00737), b=3.12 (3.00 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.5-0.8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
