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> Kurtiformes (Nurseryfishes, cardinalfishes.) > Apogonidae (Cardinalfishes) > Apogoninae
Etymology: Pterapogon: Greek, pteron = wing, fin + Greek, pogon = beard (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien demersaal; diepte 0 - 16 m (Ref. 90102), usually 1 - 2 m (Ref. 9936). Tropical; 1°S - 2°S, 123°E - 124°E

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Western Pacific: Apparently restricted to Banggai Islands, Indonesia. Also found in several small islands off nearby eastern Taliabu Island and Luwuk vicinity (Ref. 90102). Threatened by extinction due to collection for the aquarium trade (Ref. 27438, 35396).

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m 4.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 8.6 cm TL (female); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 0.00 g

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Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 8; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 14; Anale stekels: 2; Anale zachte stralen: 13.

Common around the jetty, in silty sand bottoms with seagrass (Enhalus acoroides). Associated with Diadema setosum, the long-spined sea urchins. Individuals of 2 to 60 hover directly above the urchins, with the younger ones about 2-3 cm SL staying closer to the urchins. The fish retreat among the spines when threatened. Probably feed on small benthic and planktonic crustaceans at night. Male incubates the eggs until hatching; the large egg about 2.5 mm in diameter, with the young remaining within the mouth cavity for undetermined period after hatching (Ref. 9936, 48635). Newly hatched larvae have no planktonic period (Ref. 35886). Juveniles also use anemones for protection (Ref. 45560, 48635). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35417).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

The male takes the eggs into its mouth where these and the larvae remain until young fish of about 8mm SL are released. Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205). Also Ref. 240.

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene, 1995. Notes on the ecology and behaviour of the Indonesian cardinalfish (Apogonidae) Pterapogon kauderni Koumans. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 22(1-2):7-10. (Ref. 9936)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Bedreigd (EN) (B2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)); Date assessed: 01 March 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van geen belang; Aquarium: Commercieel

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.01022 - 0.03394), b=2.94 (2.78 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.41 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (tm<1; Fec=12-40; assuming multiple spawning).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).

Pterapogon kauderni Koumans, 1933