Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 90 - 130 m (Ref. 122751). Subtropical; 45°N - 30°N, 6°W - 36°E
Endemic to the Mediterranean.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 3397)
Found on the shelf, on mud bottoms (Ref. 3397). A nocturnally-active species (Ref. 48389). Buries itself in the mud during the day, emerging only to feed at night (Ref. 48389).
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.7 - 21.4, mean 19.2 °C (based on 452 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00091 (0.00039 - 0.00215), b=2.99 (2.79 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 47.6 [11.1, 143.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.09 [0.42, 4.27] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.5, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.325 [0.151, 0.907] g/100g; Selenium = 24.9 [4.8, 70.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.3 [4.5, 53.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.514 [0.258, 1.021] mg/100g (wet weight);