分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders)
海鰱目 (Tarpons and tenpounders) >
Elopidae (Tenpounders)
海鰱科 (Tenpounders)
Etymology: Elops: Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; pH range: ? - 10.4; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 13325). 亞熱帶的; 11°C - 34°C (Ref. 127853); 29°N - 17°S
Western Atlantic: Cape Cod (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to southern Brazil. Questionable occurrence records in the China (Ref. 52360), Taiwan (47843), and Vietnam (Ref. 9706, 46452).
西大西洋: 科德角 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西南部。 可疑的發生在中國 (參考文獻 52360) ，台灣 (47843) 與越南記錄。 (參考文獻 9706,46452)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26340); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3718); 最大體重: 10.1 kg (Ref. 4699)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 25 - 29; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 19; 脊椎骨: 73 - 85. Scales small, more than 100 in lateral line. Gular plate narrow (Ref. 26938). Silvery overall, with bluish on upper surface (Ref. 7251). Branchiostegal rays: 26-33 (Ref. 4639).
鱗片小的, 超過 100 在側線中。 喉盤狹窄的.(參考文獻 26938) 銀色的整體, 具有藍色的在上表皮上.(參考文獻 7251) 鰓條骨: 26-33.(參考文獻 4639)
Occur in shallow neritic areas, over muddy bottoms (Ref. 5217). Also found in brackish estuaries and juveniles are common in lagoons and hyper-saline bays (Ref. 5217). Form large schools close to the shore (Ref. 9987). Feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Spawn in the open sea (Ref. 5217). Larval development is represented by profound changes in body form accompanied by 2 periods of length increase, interspaced by a period of length decrease (Ref. 4639). Noted for their habit of skipping along the surface of the water and for jumping after being hooked (Ref. 5521). Marketed fresh, salted and frozen but considered a second rate food fish (Ref. 3718). Rhynchobothrium bulbifer found in the viscera of the adult (Ref. 37032).
出現在淺海區, 在泥沙底上面.(參考文獻 5217) 也發現於半鹹淡的河口，而且稚魚是常見於潟湖與高鹽度的海灣。 (參考文獻 5217) 形成大群魚群接近海岸.(參考文獻 9987) 主要捕食甲殼動物與小魚。 產卵於開放海域中。 (參考文獻 5217) 幼體發育在伴隨著在一個長度減少的時期之前被的間隔的 2個時期的長度增加的體型中被呈現出完全的改變。 (參考文獻 4639) 被記錄到了他們跳越的習慣沿著水面與為在被鉤住之後跳躍.(參考文獻 5521) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 鹽醃而冷凍的但是被認為是一個次等的食用魚.(參考文獻 3718) Rhynchobothrium bulbifer 發現於成魚的內臟了。 (參考文獻 37032)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawns offshore, the larvae drifting towards the coast where they shelter and grow (Ref. 9987). Leptocephalus larvae are found in salinities as low as 0.0+ to 0.8 ppt (Ref. 75142).西大西洋: 科德角 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西南部。 可疑的發生在中國 (參考文獻 52360) ，台灣 (47843) 與越南記錄。 (參考文獻 9706,46452)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 March 2011
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1142 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00458 - 0.00831), b=2.94 (2.86 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.3; tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.2 [10.7, 44.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.569 [0.300, 0.970] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.5, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.15 [0.08, 0.27] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [10.2, 44.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.3 [11.0, 111.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.654 [0.437, 1.015] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
