分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 50 - 1000 m (Ref. 27121), usually 150 - 450 m (Ref. 27121). ; 11°S - 37°S, 5°E - 33°E (Ref. 58452)
Southeast Atlantic: Baie Farte, Angola around Cape to Natal, South Africa. Also found on Valdivia Bank (26°18'S, 6°20'E).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 47.4  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6605); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 1; 背的軟條 (總數): 47-54; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 37 - 41. Light brown above, silvery to white below (Ref. 6605).
Found on the continental shelf and slope to depths over 1,000 m (Ref. 27121). Juveniles (to about 64 cm) feed on small crustaceans and small deep-sea fishes such as lanternfishes, whereas larger individuals feed chiefly on small hakes and jack mackerel (Ref. 1371); cannibalism is common (Ref. 27121). Migrates southward in the spring and northward in autumn (Ref. 1371). Breeds throughout the year, peaks of reproductive activity in August and September (Ref. 36731). Marketed smoked, frozen, and fresh on ice; eaten steamed, fried and baked (Ref. 9988).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.7 - 14.4, mean 10.2 °C (based on 78 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00340 - 0.00773), b=3.11 (2.98 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 9.2 (7.9 - 12.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 21
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.07-0.13).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.55 [3.45, 22.85] mg/100g; Iron = 0.282 [0.055, 0.771] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [15.7, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.123 [0.066, 0.231] g/100g; Selenium = 32.1 [14.4, 77.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.09 [1.90, 42.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.225 [0.151, 0.358] mg/100g (wet weight);