Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 50 - 300 m (Ref. 28016). Subtropical; 35°N - 50°S, 32°E - 5°W
Southeast Atlantic: St. Helena and Ascension islands (Ref. 7097). Western Indian Ocean: southern Red Sea, off Oman and Sri Lanka. Eastern Pacific: Hawaiian and Revillagigedo islands (Ref. 9283). Reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964).
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 58.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 55763); common length : 35.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 55763)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 9; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 25 - 30; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 19 - 22.
Adults are benthopelagic in sandy bottoms at the foot of the edge of the outer reefs, continental coasts and around islands (Ref. 9283). Solitary or forming small schools (Ref. 30573). Mainly nocturnal (Ref. 4887). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283).
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1984. Carangidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3287)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ເປັນການຄ້າໜ້ອຍ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.5 - 26.8, mean 20.2 °C (based on 410 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00826 - 0.02417), b=2.95 (2.81 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.3 [14.2, 54.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.813 [0.459, 1.464] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.257 [0.163, 0.421] g/100g; Selenium = 23.1 [12.1, 42.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 48.7 [18.3, 128.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.579 [0.394, 0.848] mg/100g (wet weight);