Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный; мигрирует в реке (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 5 - 9 m (Ref. 117245). Temperate; 60°N - 30°N, 100°W - 71°W
North America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi River basins.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm 99.7, range 90 - 120 cm
Max length : 274 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 5723); common length : 97.5 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 12193); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 125.0 kg (Ref. 3672); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 152 годы (Ref. 72475)
Single row of preanal shields. Soft area on the top of the head absent and black viscera. Large blotches present on anterior half of upper surface of snout and on back. Lower surface whitish (Ref. 37032). Anal fin origin behind dorsal fin origin; scutes on back and along side same color as skin (Ref. 86798).
Inhabits bottom of lakes and large rivers (Ref. 10294), usually in 5-9 m depth, over mud, sand, and gravel. Occasionally enters brackish water. A specimen caught in 1952 was reputed to have been 152 years old (Ref. 6866). Search for food, with the aid of the sensory ability of the barbels, by constantly moving close to the substrate. Omnivorous, virtually anything edible that enters the mouth is sucked up and consumed. The food is worked or pulled in the mouth, often partly ejected and sucked in again (Ref. 1998). Spawning sites are rocky and boulder filled areas along the outside bend of rivers (Ref. 41542). In the 1800s, it was extensively exploited for oil to fire boilers on steamboats, animal feed and fertilizer. Later is was high-valued as smoked, caviar and isinglass (Ref. 117245). In 1951, Canada, 2,000 lbs. of caviar were made from the eggs (Ref. 37032). It continous to be an important source of food for Indigenous people in North America (Ref. 117245). Threatened due to over harvesting, habitat loss and pollution (Ref. 58490).
Spawning sites are rocky and boulder filled areas along the outside bend of rivers (Ref. 41542).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий; аквакультура (рыбоводство): экспериментальный; объект спортивного рыболовства: да; аквариум: общественные аквариумы
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00263 (0.00205 - 0.00337), b=3.19 (3.14 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): очень низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции более 14 лет (tm=16-26; tmax=152; K=0.04; Fec=50,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
