分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Aulopiformes (Grinners) >
Synodontidae (Lizardfishes) > Synodontinae
Etymology: Synodus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 25°C - 35°C (Ref. 39158); 43°N - 29°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil.
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 19.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 53.8 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 102462); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 900.00 g (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 13; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 13; 脊椎骨: 56 - 62. Body elongate, cylindrical; head depressed, broader than deep, slightly rugose above, interorbital space concave; snout triangular, pointed, projecting beyond tip of mandible, typically longer than diameter of eye in specimens larger than 20.0 cm SL; 6-7 oblique rows of scales present on cheeks; top of head naked. Mouth very large, gape extends well past eye; upper jaw projects slightly, premaxillaries form entire margin of upper jaw; large, sharp depressible teeth present on upper jaw, tongue and lower pharyngeals. Scales small (except for patch of large elongate scales present below pectoral base and above pelvic base), lateral line well marked, not keeled. Dorsal fin origin equidistant form center of eye and adipose fin, anterior rays not reaching past tips of posterior rays with fin depressed; anal fin base longer than or equal to dorsal base, origin equidistant form end of dorsal base and base of caudal rays; caudal fin not or barely reaching origin of pelvic fin; pelvic fins inserted closer to vent than to snout tip; inner ray of pelvic much longer than outer ray (Ref. 13608); adipose fin base no longer than diameter of pupil. Anterior nares with prominent dermal flap. Gill rakers rudimentary. Branchiostegals: 12-16 (Ref. 4639).
Pigmentation: Color variable with both locality and immediate background; dorsum brownish or olivaceous and with overall greenish cast; mid-lateral line with about 8 obscure blotches, variable in occurrence and intensity, fading wit growth; head brownish with light vermiculations on top and sides, pale yellow below; belly white, silvery white, or yellowish, sometimes with brownish punctuations; pectorals dusky, yellowish, or light green; adipose with dark spot posteriorly.
细长的身体, 圆筒形的; 扁平的头部, 较宽的超过深的, 些微多皱纹在上面，眼间隔凹曲; 吻三角形的，尖的，和突出的超过下颚的顶端, 在标本大于 20.0 公分 SL 中的眼的典型长度超过直径; 6-7 列斜的鳞片位于颊之上; 头顶裸露的。 嘴非常大的, 口裂延伸越过眼; 上颌些微地突出, 前上颌骨形成上颌的整个边缘; 大的, 锐利的可抑压的齿位于上颌，舌与低的咽骨之上。 鳞片小的 (除了在胸鳍基底之下在场的大细长的鳞片小区块而且在腹鳍基底之上), 侧线显着, 不龙骨。 眼与脂鳍的背鳍起点距离相等形式中心, 前面的鳍条不用鳍延伸到在后部鳍条的顶端扁平的; 臀鳍基底长度超过或等于背鳍基底, 起源背鳍基底与尾部鳍条的基底的距离相等形式末端; 尾鳍不或几乎达成腹鳍的起源; 腹鳍插入了更靠近排泄孔超过对吻顶端; 腹鳍远长过外部的鳍条内部鳍条;(参考文献 13608) 脂鳍基底不再超过瞳孔直径。 前鼻孔有突出的皮盖。 鳃耙不发达的。 鳃盖条: 12-16.(参考文献 4639)
颜色： 颜色随着地点与立即的背景变化; 背面褐色或橄榄色的与具有整体的呈绿色的外貌; 侧面中央的线有大约 8个暗的斑块, 可变的在发生与强烈中，褪色知道成长; 头部褐色的在顶端与侧边上有淡色的蠕虫爬迹形的装饰, 白黄色的在;之下 腹部白色的，银白色，或淡黄色的, 有时有褐色的标点; 胸鳍暗色的，淡黄色的，或淡绿色的; 脂肪在后部地有深色的斑点。
Adults are found on both shallow and deep sand flats among grass (Ref. 12342, 39154, 39155), inshore in saltwater creeks, rivers, bays, sounds (Ref. 39156), and deep channels within lagoons (Ref. 39155). Probably more dense over mud than shell or calcareous bottom (Ref. 39157). Also found in open ocean over continental shelf (Ref. 4639). A solitary (Ref. 26340) voracious predator that lurks in shallow bays and shore waters; burrows in bottom sediments. Juveniles are pelagic, and readily collected from open ocean, usually near land in vicinity of or in shallow water (Ref. 4639). Mostly piscivorous, also includes shrimps, crabs and cephalopodes (Ref. 93252). Oviparous, newly hatched larvae are found near the surface at depths from 27 to 46 m (Ref. 39159). Salinity range 4.0-60.0 ppt (may include juveniles), more abundant above 10.0 ppt and 30.0 ppt (Ref. 39158, 39162, 39050). Commonly caught by anglers but considered a nuisance.
成鱼栖息于在草 (参考文献 12342,39154,39155) 之中的浅或深的沙地浅滩, 沿海地区在盐水的小溪，河，海湾，声音 (参考文献 39156) 中, 且深泻湖里面的峡道.(参考文献 39155) 超过贝壳或石灰质的底部可能更密集的泥之上.(参考文献 39157) 也发现于在大陆架上的开放性海域。 (参考文献 4639) 在浅湾与海岸水域中潜藏的一种独居性 (参考文献 26340) 狼吞虎咽的掠食者; 在底部沉淀物中掘穴。 稚鱼是大洋性的, 而且轻易地采集自开放性海域, 通常在邻近区域中的土地附近或在浅水区中.(参考文献 4639) 卵生的, 最近孵化了仔鱼被发现接近水表面在深度从 27 到 46 公尺.(参考文献 39159) 盐度排列 4.0-60.0个 ppt(可能包括稚鱼) ，比较丰富的上方 10.0个 ppt 与 30.0个 ppt 。 (参考文献 39158,39162,39050) 经常被钓客捕获但是被认为是一个讨厌的东西。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.9 - 27.5, mean 24.8 °C (based on 317 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00362 - 0.00527), b=3.15 (3.10 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36 [12, 71] mg/100g; Iron = 0.426 [0.147, 0.932] mg/100g; Protein = 16.2 [13.3, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.0722 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 41.4 [15.3, 89.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 88.1 [23.2, 337.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.882 [0.514, 1.339] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
