Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 0 - 5 m. Subtropical; 43°N - 25°N, 82°W - 68°W
Western Atlantic: Cape Cod, Massachusetts to Florida in USA, straggling south to Miami in cold years.
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 38 cm
Max length : 43.2 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 40637); max. veröff. Gewicht: 2.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
Largely inhabits inshore water on rocky bottoms and reefs, jetties and wrecks. Frequently occurs among litter and tolerates polluted water. Becoming important as an experimental fish because of its size and hardiness. Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35422).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja; Aquarium: Öffentliche Aquarien
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.2 - 26.1, mean 20.7 °C (based on 126 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00449 - 0.01939), b=3.08 (2.89 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.11; tmax=8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26 [12, 75] mg/100g; Iron = 0.533 [0.267, 1.003] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.4, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.216 [0.111, 0.414] g/100g; Selenium = 8.62 [3.96, 20.34] μg/100g; VitaminA = 61.5 [17.7, 229.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.962 [0.608, 1.490] mg/100g (wet weight);
