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Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) >
Bythitidae (Livebearing brotulas)
Etymology: Grammonus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, onos = hake.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 6 - 18 m (Ref. 36488). Subtropical
Eastern Pacific: San Clemente Island in south California, USA to Panama and the Galapagos Islands.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.3 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4930)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 95 - 115; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 75 - 91; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 60 - 63. Branchiostegal rays: 8 (Ref. 36488).
Uncommon species (Ref. 34024). Inhabits rocky areas of shallow waters (Ref. 2850). Hides in dark caverns and crevices during the day, active at night (Ref. 2850). Gives birth to live young (Ref. 28023).
Ovoviviparous (Ref. 36488).
Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: tidak ada kepentingan
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.3 - 29.1, mean 26.7 °C (based on 204 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00172 - 0.01163), b=3.10 (2.87 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 52.9 [24.3, 133.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.662 [0.352, 1.248] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [15, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.163 [0.086, 0.306] g/100g; Selenium = 12 [5, 30] μg/100g; VitaminA = 67.1 [20.4, 228.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.994 [0.611, 1.562] mg/100g (wet weight);
