分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1200 m (Ref. 9739). 亞熱帶的; 17°C - 32°C (Ref. 12459); 47°N - 37°S, 98°W - 166°E (Ref. 12459)
Worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters, but absent in the eastern Pacific (Ref. 9739, 33390) and the Pacific Plate, except marginally (Ref. 10948). Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Bermuda and Massachusetts, USA to Argentina (Ref. 7251), including the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626) and entire Caribbean (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to South Africa. Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Ref. 2871, 5213, 6644, 30573) and Hokkaido, Japan to Australia.
除了東太平洋以外遍及全球的熱帶與亞熱帶的水域。 (參考文獻 9739,33390) 西大西洋: 百慕達群島與美國麻薩諸塞州到阿根廷 (參考文獻 7251), 包括墨西哥灣 (參考文獻 9626) 與整個的加勒比海.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 摩洛哥到南非。 印度-西太平洋: 東非 (參考文獻 2871,5213,6644,30573) 與日本北海道到澳洲。 沒有紀錄從太平洋板塊, 除了邊緣地之外.(參考文獻 10948)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 43 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 10790); common length : 110 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3487); 最大体重: 68.0 kg (Ref. 7251); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 9739)
背棘 (总数) : 7 - 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 26 - 33; 臀棘: 2 - 3; 臀鳍软条: 22 - 28. This species is distinguished by the following characters: head broad and depressed; first dorsal fin usually with VIII short but strong isolated spines, not connected by a membrane; caudal fin lunate to emarginate in adults, upper lobe longer than lower, rounded in young with prolonged central rays. Colour of back and sides dark brown, with 2 sharply defined narrow silvery bands, belly yellowish (Ref. 10948, 90102).
头部宽且侧扁。 第一背鳍有短但是强的分离硬棘, 不连接经由一个膜。 尾鳍新月状的当成鱼时, 上叶比下叶长。 背面与侧边深褐色的, 有两个轮廓分明的狭窄银色的条纹。
Adults occur in a variety of habitats, over mud, sand and gravel bottoms; over coral reefs, off rocky shores (Ref. 10948) and in mangrove sloughs; inshore around pilings and buoys, and offshore around drifting and stationary objects; occasionally in estuaries (Ref. 9739). Form small groups and may pursue small pelagic inshore (Ref. 48635). Feed on crabs, fishes, and squids (Ref. 5213, 10948, 13442). Form spawning aggregations during the warm months in the western Atlantic; eggs and larvae planktonic (Ref. 12459). Caught in small quantities due to its solitary behavior (Ref. 9626). Caught mainly with handlines, and by trolling pelagically offshore over the continental shelf (Ref. 10948). Good food fish; marketed fresh (Ref. 5284), smoked, and frozen (Ref. 9987). Also caught for sport (Ref. 26938).
出现于多种栖息地,在泥之上,沙与碎石底部; 在珊瑚礁，外海的岩岸 (参考文献 10948) 之上与在红树林泥坑中; 桩材与浮标的周围沿海地区, 与漂流与静止的目标周围的外海; 偶见于河口。 (参考文献 9739) 形成小群鱼群而且可能追逐小型大洋性鱼类沿海地区.(参考文献 48635) 吃螃蟹，鱼与乌贼。 (参考文献 5213,10948,13442) 在大西洋西部中产卵于温暖的个月; 卵与仔鱼为浮游性.(参考文献 12459) 捕获量很少由于它的独居性行为.(参考文献 9626) 好食用鱼; 在市场上销售生鲜地 (参考文献 5284),烟熏了, 与冷冻.(参考文献 9987) 也游钓捕获。 (参考文献 26938)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Form spawning aggregations during the warm months in the western Atlantic; eggs and larvae planktonic (Ref. 12459).除了東太平洋以外遍及全球的熱帶與亞熱帶的水域。 (參考文獻 9739,33390) 西大西洋: 百慕達群島與美國麻薩諸塞州到阿根廷 (參考文獻 7251), 包括墨西哥灣 (參考文獻 9626) 與整個的加勒比海.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 摩洛哥到南非。 印度-西太平洋: 東非 (參考文獻 2871,5213,6644,30573) 與日本北海道到澳洲。 沒有紀錄從太平洋板塊, 除了邊緣地之外.(參考文獻 10948)
Shaffer, R.V. and E.L. Nakamura, 1989. Synopsis of biological data on the cobia Rachycentron canadum (Pisces: Rachycentridae). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 82, FAO Fisheries Synopsis 153. (Ref. 9739)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.1 - 19.8, mean 12.9 °C (based on 1010 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00359 - 0.00668), b=3.11 (3.02 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.9 (2.2 - 4.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 16
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.09-0.22; tm=2-3; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.58, 95% CL = 0.38 - 0.87, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.7 [6.0, 25.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.49 [0.24, 0.88] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [19, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.167 [0.084, 0.369] g/100g; Selenium = 47.6 [20.3, 101.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18 [5, 73] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.435 [0.271, 0.692] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
