Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243). Subtropical
Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 55763); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 55763)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 27 - 34; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 25 - 34. Body cylindrical and elongate; possessing an oblong cephalic disk with 14 to 17 transverse laminae; cranium depressed (supporting cephalic disk); dorsal fin with 27 to 44 rays; first gill arch with fewer than 21 gill rakers; body entirely white to pale blue (Ref. 55763).
Found on the body and inside gill chamber of billfishes and swordfishes, rarely on any other fishes (Ref. 2850); also in the gill cavities and mouths of sharks (Ref. 5951).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.9 - 28.1, mean 23.4 °C (based on 1998 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5352 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00110 - 0.00600), b=3.17 (2.96 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Assuming Fec < 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 39.6 [12.5, 119.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.45, 6.66] mg/100g; Protein = 3.95 [0.22, 7.80] %; Omega3 = 0.269 [0.118, 0.593] g/100g; Selenium = 27.7 [6.4, 78.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.37 [2.13, 20.36] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.752 [0.368, 1.431] mg/100g (wet weight);
