Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243). Subtropical
Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 55763); common length : 25.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 55763)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 27 - 34; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 25 - 34. Body cylindrical and elongate; possessing an oblong cephalic disk with 14 to 17 transverse laminae; cranium depressed (supporting cephalic disk); dorsal fin with 27 to 44 rays; first gill arch with fewer than 21 gill rakers; body entirely white to pale blue (Ref. 55763).
Found on the body and inside gill chamber of billfishes and swordfishes, rarely on any other fishes (Ref. 2850); also in the gill cavities and mouths of sharks (Ref. 5951).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.9 - 28.1, mean 23.4 °C (based on 1998 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5352 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00257 (0.00110 - 0.00600), b=3.17 (2.96 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Assuming Fec < 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 39.6 [12.5, 119.7] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.45, 6.66] mg/100g; Protein = 3.95 [0.22, 7.80] %; Omega3 = 0.269 [0.118, 0.593] g/100g; Selenium = 27.7 [6.4, 78.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.37 [2.13, 20.36] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.752 [0.368, 1.431] mg/100g (wet weight);
