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Girella nigricans (Ayres, 1860)

Opaleye
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Girella nigricans   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Girella nigricans (Opaleye)
Girella nigricans
Picture by Shelton, J.

klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Centrarchiformes (Basses) > Girellidae (Nibblers)
Etymology: More on author: Ayres.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut bentopelagis; nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 2 - 30 m (Ref. 9310), usually 2 - 6 m (Ref. 9310). Subtropical; 0°C - 33°C (Ref. 35682); 38°N - 23°N, 125°W - 106°W

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Eastern Central Pacific: San Francisco in California, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico.

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2850); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 10 Tahun (Ref. 56049)

Biologi     Daftar kata (contoh epibenthic)

A resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Can leave tide pools if aquatic conditions become inhospitable (Ref. 31184). Also found near or over rocks and in kelp beds up to about 30 m depth. Feed mainly on seaweed, occasionally takes invertebrates. Form dense schools in spring in kelp beds. Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049). Breathe air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Considered an important game fish and may incidentally be caught in commercial fishing activities (Ref. 9310). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9310).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

  kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 May 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

  Harmless





penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
FAO - Perikanan: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
Bahan makanan
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Pemangsa
Ecology
Ekologi
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larva
Dinamika larva
Distribution
Negara-negara
Daerah-daerah FAO
Ecosystems
Kemunculan
Introduksi
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
Otak
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Suara-suara ikan
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetika
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
profil budidaya air
Strain
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
mitra
References
Acuan

Alat, peralatan

laporan khas

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Sumber internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Perikanan: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genom, Nukleotida | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Akuarium publik | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 15.4 - 24.2, mean 22.3 °C (based on 112 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.00949 - 0.03040), b=3.15 (2.99 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  2.0   ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref. 120179):  sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (tm=2.5; tmax=10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
kategori harga (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 54.1 [27.3, 92.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.834 [0.476, 1.476] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.5, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.185 [0.099, 0.352] g/100g; Selenium = 31.2 [13.1, 71.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.26 [1.60, 31.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.881 [0.611, 1.334] mg/100g (wet weight);