分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 270 m (Ref. 58496). 溫帶; 4°C - 8°C; 77°N - 43°N, 28°W - 46°E
Northeast Atlantic: English Channel to Finmarken and Murman coasts and White Sea, also the Shetlands, the Faroes and southern and southwestern coasts of Iceland; southern part of Baltic.
東大西洋: 到 Finmarken 與 Murman 海岸與白海的英倫海峽, 也雪特蘭群島, 冰島的法羅與南方而西南方海岸; 波羅的海的南部。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4700); common length : 14.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4700); 最大年龄: 3.00 年 (Ref. 722)
背棘 (总数) : 5 - 6; 背的软条 (总数) : 6 - 8; 臀鳍软条: 5 - 7. Unpaired breast row of plates absent, but paired plate rows cover whole breast. Snout with a pair of strong spiny hooks; numerous barbels on branchiostegal membranes. Dorsal plates 31-34 (Ref. 232). Spiny and soft dorsal fins almost fused. No spines on the hind part of the head (Ref. 35388).
碟的不成对胸部列不存在，但是成对的碟列覆盖整个的胸部。 吻部有一对强的刺状钩; 很多的触须在鳃盖薄膜上。 背部的碟 31-34.(参考文献 232) 刺状与软的背鳍几乎融合了。 没有在头部的后部部份上的棘.(参考文献 35388)
Inhabits inshore waters, deeper waters in winter in Skaggerak, preferring sandy bottoms, rarely with stones. Maximum depth reported at 270 m (Ref. 28197). Temp. range: 4.0-8.0 °C. Feeds on bottom crustaceans and polychaetes. Matures after about 1 year; a few spawning in the second year (Ref. 722). The eggs are laid in seaweed (Ref. 9900). Spawns in February - April, female laying 2,500-3,000 yellow eggs with a diameter of 2 mm. Period of development is very long and 6-8 mm long pelagic larvae hatch after 10-11 months (Ref. 35388).
栖息于近岸水域,较深的水域冬天时在 Skaggerak, 偏爱砂质底部, 很少有石头。 温度范围: 4.0-8.0 ° C. 吃底部甲壳动物与多毛类动物。 在大约 1 年之后成熟; 一些在第二年产卵.(参考文献 722) 卵在海草中生产。 (参考文献 9900) 产卵在二月 -四月, 母鱼产下 2,500-3,000 黄色卵有 2 mm 的直径。 发育期非常长，而且 6-8个 mm 长大洋性仔鱼在 10-11 数个月之后孵化。 (参考文献 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 到 Finmarken 與 Murman 海岸與白海的英倫海峽, 也雪特蘭群島, 冰島的法羅與南方而西南方海岸; 波羅的海的南部。
Ehrenbaum, E., 1936. Naturgeschichte und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Seefische Nordeuropas. Handb. Seefisch. Nordeurop. 2:337 p. (Ref. 40)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
工具
特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 11.7, mean 9.2 °C (based on 442 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00395 - 0.02652), b=2.98 (2.76 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.47; tm=1-4; tmax=3; Fec=2,400).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 66.7 [36.3, 143.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.486 [0.257, 0.865] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [16.0, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 1.1 [0.5, 3.1] g/100g; Selenium = 14.9 [7.8, 33.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.4 [5.7, 55.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.681 [0.485, 0.986] mg/100g (wet weight);
