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Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Astronotinae
Etymology: Astronotus: Greek, astra = ray + Greek, noton = back (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Agassiz.
Issue
Redescription of Peruvian material in Kullander (1986: 61), with diagnosis, description, distribution, and illustrations. The species is reported from the Rio Orinoco drainage and numerous localities in the Rio Amazonas basin, but apparently several species are confused under the name, and names in the synonymy may represent valid species.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
; স্বাদু পানি সমুদতলে ভাসমান বেনথোপেলাজিক ; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19. Tropical; 22°C - 25°C (Ref. 1672); 4°N - 15°S, 78°W - 47°W
South America: western Amazon and Orinoco basins. Introduced elsewhere.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 12.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.7 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 40637); common length : 24.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 12193); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 1.6 kg (Ref. 40637)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 12 - 14; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 17 - 21; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 3; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 16 - 20. Large mouth with thick lips; 7 preopercular pores; first gill arch without lobe; gill rakers short and thick with many denticles; dorsal and anal fins bases densely scaled; many branched rays; body color dark with bright orange opercle margin and ventral parts of the lateral sides of the body; often a black rounded blotch with orange margin at caudal fin base (Ref. 35237).
Preferably inhabits quiet shallow waters in mud-bottomed and sand-bottomed canals and ponds (Ref. 5723). Feeds on small fish, crayfish, worms and insect larvae. Quite popular with aquarists but not for aquaculturists because of its slow growth (Ref. 35237). Maximum length 40 cm TL (Ref. 5723). A highly esteemed food fish in South America (Ref. 44091).
In captivity, both male and female clean a suitable spawning site - often a flat rock , or branches, or in a circular nest excavated in shallow water (Ref. 44091). Eggs (usually numbering in the thousands, Ref. 44091) are deposited and are guarded by both parents. Egg hatch in 3 or 4 days and parent move the fry to a shallow pit in the sand where they remain for 6 or 7 days (Ref. 7020).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: বাণিজ্যিক; শিকারযোগ্য মাছ: হঁ্যা ; মৎস্যাধার / এ্যাকুয়ারিয়াম : অত্যন্ত বাণিজ্যিক
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03162 (0.01529 - 0.06540), b=3.02 (2.83 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.32 se; based on food items.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): উচ্চ, সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১৫ মাস (Assuming tm<=1; Fec=300-2000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 85.3 [39.6, 151.5] mg/100g; Iron = 1.15 [0.64, 2.32] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.4, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.318 [0.117, 0.926] g/100g; Selenium = 85.4 [31.6, 191.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.4 [6.6, 80.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.63 [1.06, 2.47] mg/100g (wet weight);
