分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Astronotinae
Etymology: Astronotus: Greek, astra = ray + Greek, noton = back (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Agassiz.
Issue
Redescription of Peruvian material in Kullander (1986: 61), with diagnosis, description, distribution, and illustrations. The species is reported from the Rio Orinoco drainage and numerous localities in the Rio Amazonas basin, but apparently several species are confused under the name, and names in the synonymy may represent valid species.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19. 熱帶; 22°C - 25°C (Ref. 1672); 4°N - 15°S, 78°W - 47°W
South America: western Amazon and Orinoco basins. Introduced elsewhere.
南美洲: 在祕魯，哥倫比亞與巴西到阿根廷的亞馬遜河流域.(參考文獻 9086) 也已知來自法屬圭亞那。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 12.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 24.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 1.6 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 12 - 14; 背的軟條 (總數) : 17 - 21; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 20. Large mouth with thick lips; 7 preopercular pores; first gill arch without lobe; gill rakers short and thick with many denticles; dorsal and anal fins bases densely scaled; many branched rays; body color dark with bright orange opercle margin and ventral parts of the lateral sides of the body; often a black rounded blotch with orange margin at caudal fin base (Ref. 35237).
大的嘴巴有厚唇; 7個前鰓蓋骨孔; 第一個沒有葉的鰓弓; 鰓耙短與厚的有許多細齒; 背鰭與臀鰭基底濃密地覆有鱗片的; 許多分支條; 身體顏色深色且有鮮橘色的鰓蓋邊緣與身體的側面側邊的腹部份; 時常一個黑色的圓形斑塊在尾鰭基底有橘色的邊緣。 (參考文獻 35237)
Preferably inhabits quiet shallow waters in mud-bottomed and sand-bottomed canals and ponds (Ref. 5723). Feeds on small fish, crayfish, worms and insect larvae. Quite popular with aquarists but not for aquaculturists because of its slow growth (Ref. 35237). Maximum length 40 cm TL (Ref. 5723). A highly esteemed food fish in South America (Ref. 44091).
可能地居住於安靜的淺水域。 吃小魚，小龍蝦，蠕蟲與昆蟲幼生。 出現於泥質底而砂質底的管與池塘。 (參考文獻 5723) 相當受水族業者的歡迎但是不對於推動水栽法者由於它的慢成長.(參考文獻 35237) 最大的長度 40 公分TL.(參考文獻 5723) 在南美洲的一個深受喜愛的食用魚.(參考文獻 44091)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
In captivity, both male and female clean a suitable spawning site - often a flat rock , or branches, or in a circular nest excavated in shallow water (Ref. 44091). Eggs (usually numbering in the thousands, Ref. 44091) are deposited and are guarded by both parents. Egg hatch in 3 or 4 days and parent move the fry to a shallow pit in the sand where they remain for 6 or 7 days (Ref. 7020). 南美洲: 在祕魯，哥倫比亞與巴西到阿根廷的亞馬遜河流域.(參考文獻 9086) 也已知來自法屬圭亞那。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 November 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03162 (0.01529 - 0.06540), b=3.02 (2.83 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.32 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Assuming tm<=1; Fec=300-2000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 85.3 [39.6, 151.5] mg/100g; Iron = 1.15 [0.64, 2.32] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.4, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.318 [0.117, 0.926] g/100g; Selenium = 85.4 [31.6, 191.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.4 [6.6, 80.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.63 [1.06, 2.47] mg/100g (wet weight);
